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Zorluk: Çok zorThe New Negro Movement and Cultural Debates

Read the excerpt below from Alain Locke's essay "Art or Propaganda" (1928) and answer the question that follows.

"Propaganda has always a hand-to-mouth existence, limit of aim, and immediate objective. Art has plenty of time, a long range, and an ultimate goal... Propaganda perpetuates the position of group defense and to that extent characterizes the psychology of the minority... Art is the construction of personality, the creation of a group character, and its interpretation."

In this excerpt, Locke's distinction between "art" and "propaganda" most directly challenges which of the following contemporary viewpoints?

  1. A
    The nationalist view that African Americans must focus on economic self-reliance and complete separation through mass emigration.
  2. B
    The philosophical stance that the Talented Tenth must prioritize classical liberal arts education over vocational training.
  3. The belief that creative expression must serve as a political instrument to counter racial prejudice and secure civil rights.Cevap
  4. D
    The position that legal segregation could only be dismantled through coordinated campaigns of nonviolent direct action.

Cevap

The belief that creative expression must serve as a political instrument to counter racial prejudice and secure civil rights.
Alain Locke's essay "Art or Propaganda" was a direct response to W.E.B. Du Bois and others who argued that Black art should be consciously used as propaganda for racial uplift and civil rights. Locke argued that subordinating art to political propaganda limits its scope and traps Black artists in a defensive psychology, whereas self-expressive art establishes true cultural citizenship and spiritual autonomy.

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1
Analyze the source text to identify Locke's main argument.
Locke distinguishes between art (long-range creation of personality) and propaganda (short-term group defense that reinforces minority psychology), arguing that art is superior and must not be restricted to political propaganda.
Understanding the author's core thesis is necessary to find the viewpoint it opposes.
2
Contextualize the excerpt within the Harlem Renaissance and New Negro cultural debates.
The debate centered on whether African American art should serve primarily as a tool for political advocacy and civil rights (as argued by Du Bois) or as autonomous aesthetic self-expression (as argued by Locke, Hughes, and others).
This places the source within the specific historical debates of the target subtopic.
3
Compare Locke's argument against the options to find the directly challenged viewpoint.
Locke's criticism of using art as propaganda directly targets the position that Black art must be a political weapon (Du Bois's view).
This identifies the correct option based on historical alignment and textual evidence.

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The New Negro Movement and Cultural Debates
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The New Negro Movement and Cultural Debates

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