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Zorluk: OrtaWestward Expansion and American Indians

"A great general has said that the only good Indian is a dead one... In a sense, I agree with the sentiment, but only in this: that all the Indian there is in the race should be dead. Kill the Indian in him, and save the man."

— Richard Henry Pratt, "The Advantages of Mingling Indians with Whites," 1892

Which of the following federal policies or actions in the late nineteenth century best reflects the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

  1. A
    The protection of tribal lands from settlement through the strict enforcement of existing treaties.
  2. The establishment of government-supported boarding schools to promote cultural assimilation.Cevap
  3. C
    The provision of federal subsidies to tribes to help them preserve their traditional communal lifestyles.
  4. D
    The federal government's refusal to intervene in conflicts between settlers and Native Americans due to laissez-faire policies.

Cevap

The establishment of government-supported boarding schools to promote cultural assimilation.
The correct answer is correct because Richard Henry Pratt's philosophy of 'killing the Indian to save the man' was the foundational ideology behind the Carlisle Indian Industrial School and the broader federal policy of forced cultural assimilation. During the late nineteenth century, the federal government sought to eliminate Native American cultures by placing children in off-reservation boarding schools, where they were forced to speak English, wear Western clothing, cut their hair, and adopt European-American customs.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the provided stimulus to identify the author's primary argument and ideology.
Richard Henry Pratt's quote argues that the traditional identity and culture of Native Americans ('the Indian') must be eradicated, while the individual ('the man') should be integrated into American society.
Identifying the author's intent of total cultural assimilation is necessary to match it with historical policies.
2
Connect this assimilationist ideology to late nineteenth-century federal policies directed toward Native Americans.
This period was marked by the federal government's push to break up tribes, eliminate indigenous cultures, and force Native Americans to adopt white European-American social, economic, and educational practices.
Contextualizing the source's philosophy within the policy trends of Period 6 narrows down the possible actions.
3
Select the option that represents a historical policy implementing this forced cultural assimilation.
The creation of off-reservation boarding schools, such as the Carlisle School founded by Pratt himself, was the direct application of this philosophy.
Connecting Pratt's ideas directly to his school and the broader boarding school program provides the correct answer.

Anahtar Kavram

Late nineteenth-century federal Indian policy shifted toward forced cultural assimilation, using tools such as off-reservation boarding schools and land allotment under the Dawes Severalty Act to break down tribal sovereignty and traditions.
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Konular

Westward Expansion and American Indians

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