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Zorluk: KolayTechnological Innovations of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions

"The steam engine, by enabling us to place our machinery in any location where coal and water can be obtained, has freed the manufacturer from the necessity of operating only in rural valleys where water-power is available. Factories can now be built in populous towns, close to raw materials, markets, and labor."

—Adapted from Andrew Ure, Philosophy of Manufactures, 1835

The technological shift described in the passage is most characteristic of which of the following developments?

  1. A
    The rise of assembly lines and chemical synthesis during the Second Industrial Revolution
  2. The expansion of steam power and coal during the First Industrial RevolutionCevap
  3. C
    The introduction of electrical grids and petroleum during the Second Industrial Revolution
  4. D
    The reliance on wind-powered mills and cottage industries during the early modern period

Cevap

The expansion of steam power and coal during the First Industrial Revolution
The steam engine and coal-based energy defined the First Industrial Revolution, enabling factories to relocate away from water sources to urban centers.

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1
Analyze the stimulus passage.
The author, writing in 1835, describes the steam engine freeing manufacturing from water-power constraints and enabling placement near coal and labor.
Understanding the core technology and resources mentioned in the text (steam engine, coal, water) is necessary to categorize the phase of industrialization.
2
Correlate the technology with the historical period.
The steam engine and coal power are key markers of the First Industrial Revolution, which spanned the mid-18th to mid-19th centuries.
This step distinguishes the steam-and-coal phase from later industrial developments (like electricity/petroleum) or pre-industrial methods.

Anahtar Kavram

First Industrial Revolution Technologies
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Konular

Technological Innovations of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions

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