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Zorluk: Çok zorDebates about the Environment after 1900

"The developing countries are of the view that environmental problems must be addressed in a manner that does not hinder the development process of these countries. Since the developed countries bear the primary responsibility for the degradation of the global environment through their historical and current high levels of emissions, they must provide new and additional financial resources and transfer environmentally sound technologies on non-commercial and preferential terms to the developing countries. Environmental considerations should not be used as a pretext for introducing trade barriers or imposing new conditions on development assistance."

—Beijing Declaration on Environment and Development, adopted by representatives of 41 developing nations, June 1991

Based on the passage, the arguments expressed by the developing nations most clearly reflect which of the following debates about the environment after 1900?

  1. A
    The complete homogenization of global consumer culture driven by the expansion of transnational corporations.
  2. The conflict between the economic development goals of industrializing countries and global efforts to regulate environmental degradation.Cevap
  3. C
    The widespread adoption of high-yield crops and chemical fertilizers during the Green Revolution to resolve persistent global hunger.
  4. D
    The military enforcement of direct colonial rule by Western powers to control industrial raw materials.

Cevap

The conflict between the economic development goals of industrializing countries and global efforts to regulate environmental degradation.
The correct option is correct because the passage reflects the core debate of the late twentieth century between developing nations, who prioritized economic growth and poverty reduction, and industrialized nations, who sought global regulations on emissions. The developing nations argued that developed nations carried the historical responsibility for environmental damage and should bear the financial burden of remediation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the source text to identify the authors and their primary concern.
The source is the Beijing Declaration (1991), representing 41 developing nations concerned that environmental regulations might hinder their economic development.
Understanding the perspective of the actors involved is critical for interpreting historical documents.
2
Examine the core argument made by the developing nations regarding responsibility and funding.
The text asserts that developed countries are primarily responsible for historical emissions and must provide funding and technology to developing nations.
This identifies the central conflict as a debate over the division of responsibility and cost between developed and developing states.
3
Evaluate the options to find the one that best captures this central conflict within the context of late-twentieth-century globalization.
The option highlighting the tension between the economic goals of developing countries and global environmental regulations directly matches the text's core theme.
This connects the specific document to the broader historical theme of debates about the environment after 1900.

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Debates about the Environment after 1900
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