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Zorluk: Çok zorDebates about the Environment after 1900

"We do not wish to impoverish the environment any further and yet we cannot for a moment forget the grim poverty of large numbers of people. Are not poverty and need the greatest polluters? For instance, unless we are in a position to provide employment and purchasing power for the daily necessities of the tribal people and those who live in or around our forests, we cannot prevent them from combing the forest for food and livelihood, from poaching, and from despoiling the vegetation. . . . How can we speak to those who live in villages and in slums about keeping the oceans clean and the air fresh when their own lives are contaminated at the source? The environment cannot be improved in conditions of poverty."

—Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India, address to the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 1972

Which of the following best explains how the perspective expressed in the passage reflects a broader historical debate about the environment in the late twentieth century?

  1. A
    It reflects a growing global consensus that led to the complete homogenization of environmental policies across all nations regardless of economic status.
  2. B
    It argues that the adoption of Green Revolution technologies solved environmental issues by rendering traditional forest foraging obsolete.
  3. It highlights the conflict between developed nations promoting global conservation regulations and developing nations prioritizing poverty alleviation and economic growth.Cevap
  4. D
    It protests the direct colonial administrative control that Western nations continued to exert over resource extraction in South Asia.

Cevap

It highlights the conflict between developed nations promoting global conservation regulations and developing nations prioritizing poverty alleviation and economic growth.
The correct option identifies the primary debate of late-twentieth-century environmental diplomacy: developed nations (the Global North) often pushed for global conservation measures, while developing nations (the Global South) argued that such measures could stifle economic growth and that poverty alleviation had to be prioritized.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the source context and author of the passage.
The source is an address by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India at the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, representing a prominent developing nation's leader speaking at an international environmental forum.
Understanding the political context and perspective of the speaker is essential for identifying the historical viewpoint.
2
Identify the core argument made by the speaker regarding the environment.
The speaker argues that poverty is the primary driver of environmental degradation in developing regions and that environmental preservation cannot succeed without addressing developmental needs and poverty first.
This determines the specific environmental debate being referenced in the stimulus.
3
Relate the speaker's argument to global trends and debates in the late twentieth century.
During the late 1900s, developed nations (Global North) often championed global regulations to limit pollution and conserve natural resources, whereas developing nations (Global South) argued that such regulations placed unfair burdens on their developing economies and that economic survival must be prioritized.
Connecting the local context to broader global patterns is key to solving AP World History stimulus-based questions.
4
Evaluate the answer choices to identify the option that accurately captures this global tension.
The option describing the conflict between developed nations promoting conservation regulations and developing nations prioritizing poverty alleviation and economic growth represents this tension.
This matches the historical reality of the North-South environmental debates in the late twentieth century.

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Debates about the Environment after 1900
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