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Zorluk: OrtaResistance to Globalization after 1900

"Orthodox structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) typically prescribe policies such as the reduction of government expenditure, the liberalization of trade, and the privatization of public enterprises. However, these measures have often led to a severe decline in social services, particularly education and healthcare, and have undermined the economic sovereignty of African states by making them increasingly dependent on external financial institutions and foreign markets."
— United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes, 1989

Which of the following best explains the primary source of the resistance to globalization described in the passage?

  1. A
    The belief that international financial organizations aimed to establish direct political administration and territorial colonies.
  2. B
    A desire by African states to completely abolish capitalism through a global Marxist revolution.
  3. The concern that global economic integration under neoliberal policies compromised the domestic authority of developing nations.Cevap
  4. D
    A rejection of the agricultural technologies introduced during the Green Revolution due to their impact on crop yields.

Cevap

The concern that global economic integration under neoliberal policies compromised the domestic authority of developing nations.
The option focusing on compromised domestic authority is correct because the passage explicitly critiques structural adjustment programs (SAPs) for undermining the economic sovereignty of African states, showing how global economic integration limited the political autonomy of developing countries.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the stimulus passage for key themes regarding the impact of orthodox structural adjustment programmes (SAPs).
The passage identifies that SAPs require trade liberalization, privatization, and public spending cuts, which undermine economic sovereignty and increase dependence on external markets.
To understand what specific consequences of globalization are being criticized by the authors.
2
Relate the critiques of SAPs to broader post-1900 global political and economic developments.
The critiques reflect resistance to neoliberal economic policies promoted by global institutions (like the IMF and World Bank) because they reduce the policy autonomy of national governments.
To match the historical evidence in the stimulus with the correct conceptual explanation of resistance to globalization.
3
Evaluate the options to identify which one accurately describes this resistance while eliminating historically inaccurate or irrelevant distractors.
The option focusing on compromised domestic authority aligns with the passage's mention of undermined sovereignty, while other choices misrepresent the nature of the critique or the historical context.
To arrive at the final correct choice.

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Resistance to Globalization after 1900
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Resistance to Globalization after 1900

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