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Zorluk: ZorBelief Systems and Social Structures in South and Southeast Asia

Source: Excerpt from the Sanskrit inscription at the Ta Prohm temple in Angkor (modern-day Cambodia), commissioned by King Jayavarman VII of the Khmer Empire, 1186 CE.

"Here, the king, who has found his satisfaction in the law of the Buddha, has established this temple... For the maintenance of this sacred place, there are assigned 3,140 villages, with a population of 79,365 persons, including 18 high priests, 2,740 officials, and 2,202 assistants, among whom are 615 temple dancers. All these people shall perform their duties without fail, and the revenues of these villages shall be dedicated solely to the service of the Buddha..."

Based on the excerpt, the administrative and social arrangements described best illustrate which of the following developments in South and Southeast Asia during the period circa 1200 to 1450 CE?

  1. A
    The implementation of decentralized feudal contracts where local lords held absolute autonomy over serfs, mirroring European manorialism.
  2. B
    The shifting of state revenues away from agrarian production to focus exclusively on maritime merchant networks determined by monsoon winds.
  3. The patronage of religious institutions by rulers to legitimize their authority and mobilize regional labor and agricultural surplus.Cevap
  4. D
    The creation of a new, independent monotheistic religion through the deliberate synthesis of Hindu and Islamic teachings.

Cevap

The patronage of religious institutions by rulers to legitimize their authority and mobilize regional labor and agricultural surplus.
The correct answer is correct because the inscription shows a direct link between political authority, religious patronage, and economic mobilization. Rulers of Southeast Asian states (such as the Khmer Empire and Majapahit) frequently built grand temples and patronized Buddhist or Hindu institutions to project spiritual legitimacy and to organize the collection of agricultural tribute and rural labor.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the primary source inscription to identify the core historical actors and mechanisms.
The inscription details King Jayavarman VII dedicating thousands of villages, agricultural populations, and state officials to maintain a Buddhist temple.
This establishes that the state is actively using its administrative machinery to support and direct resources to a religious institution.
2
Connect the source elements to broader historical processes in Southeast Asia during the period circa 1200 to 1450 CE.
Rulers in South and Southeast Asia frequently patronized Hinduism and Buddhism (and later Islam) to bolster their political authority and consolidate control over agrarian populations.
This links the specific textual evidence of temple construction and village assignment to the political and economic structure of Southeast Asian states.
3
Evaluate the distractors against the historical context of the region and the details of the source.
The incorrect options erroneously apply European feudal models, exaggerate maritime trade reliance at the expense of agricultural statecraft, or conflate the context with later South Asian syncretic religious developments like Sikhism.
This confirms the validity of the correct option as the only accurate conceptual representation of the source's content.

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Belief Systems and Social Structures in South and Southeast Asia
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