Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: ZorState-Sponsored Industrialization and Modernization Efforts

The Pasha [Muhammad Ali] has introduced many manufactures, but they are all of them monopolies in his own hands. The machinery has been imported from Europe at a great expense, and the directors of the factories are generally Europeans. The native population is forced to work in these factories at wages fixed by the government... The cotton mills are the most extensive of these establishments... but the lack of coal, the dry and dusty atmosphere, and the resistance of the peasantry, who prefer agricultural labor, have proved major obstacles to their success.

—John Bowring, British diplomat, Report on Egypt and Candia, 1840

Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century most directly motivated the state-sponsored modernization policies described in the passage?

  1. A
    The adoption of laissez-faire capitalist principles to dismantle government monopolies
  2. The growing economic and military pressure from industrialized Western nationsCevap
  3. C
    A desire by local elites to facilitate the establishment of direct European colonial administration
  4. D
    The expansion of electrical grids and chemical manufacturing technologies to rural populations

Cevap

The growing economic and military pressure from industrialized Western nations
The correct answer is correct because state-sponsored modernization efforts in the nineteenth century, such as those led by Muhammad Ali in Egypt, were primarily defensive responses designed to resist Western military and economic encroachment by rapidly building up domestic industrial and military capacity.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the source text to identify the context and the nature of the reforms.
The text describes state-sponsored industrialization (monopolies, importing European machinery, establishing cotton mills) in Egypt under Muhammad Ali around 1840.
This establishes the historical period and geographic context of the reforms.
2
Determine the historical motivation behind non-Western state-sponsored modernization in the nineteenth century.
Leaders in regions like Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China recognized that Western industrialization gave European powers significant military and economic advantages, threatening their sovereignty.
This identifies the underlying cause of the state's intervention in the economy.
3
Evaluate the options against this historical context.
The option identifying growing economic and military pressure from Western nations matches the defensive modernization strategy of nineteenth-century non-Western states.
This confirms the correct option based on historical causation.

Anahtar Kavram

State-sponsored industrialization was often a defensive response by non-Western states to protect their sovereignty against the growing dominance of Western industrialized nations.
Bu soruyu puanla

Konular

State-Sponsored Industrialization and Modernization Efforts

Bu konudan daha fazla soru