Examkin

Design Cost-Optimized Architectures

283 soru

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Soru 1Soru →

A biotechnology company runs computational workflows that simulate molecular interactions. The simulations must be processed in the exact chronological order in which they are submitted to ensure data dependency integrity. Each simulation takes between 11 and 22 hours to execute. The simulation requests are highly irregular, with dozens of submissions occurring simultaneously followed by days of complete inactivity. The database must scale instantly to handle the write throughput when simulations complete, but must not incur compute costs during inactive periods. Which architecture is the most cost-effective and meets these requirements?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Queue the jobs in an Amazon SQS FIFO queue, execute the simulations as Amazon ECS tasks on AWS Fargate, and store the output in an Amazon DynamoDB table configured with on-demand capacity.

Cevap

Queue the jobs in an Amazon SQS FIFO queue, execute the simulations as Amazon ECS tasks on AWS Fargate, and store the output in an Amazon DynamoDB table configured with on-demand capacity.
The correct solution uses an Amazon SQS FIFO queue to enforce strict ordering of the jobs. For the compute layer, Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate is chosen because the simulation runtime of 1 to 2 hours exceeds the 15-minute limitation of AWS Lambda. Fargate is serverless and scales to zero, ensuring zero compute cost when idle. For the database, Amazon DynamoDB in on-demand capacity mode instantly scales to handle completion writes and avoids ongoing idle costs during periods of inactivity.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the ordering requirement.
Since the simulation jobs must be processed in the exact chronological order of submission, an Amazon SQS FIFO (First-In-First-Out) queue is required, eliminating standard SQS options.
Amazon SQS standard queues do not guarantee message ordering, whereas SQS FIFO queues ensure strict order-of-arrival processing.
2
Analyze the compute runtime and serverless scaling requirement.
AWS Fargate must be used instead of AWS Lambda.
Each simulation runs for 1 to 2 hours, which exceeds the 15-minute execution limit of AWS Lambda. Running containerized tasks on AWS Fargate allows execution times up to several days while remaining serverless and scaling to zero when idle.
3
Analyze the database capacity mode for the irregular workload.
Amazon DynamoDB must be configured with on-demand capacity mode.
On-demand capacity mode dynamically scales to handle instant write spikes and does not charge for idle capacity during inactive periods, whereas provisioned capacity mode would incur ongoing costs for idle resources.

Anahtar Kavram

Selecting cost-effective serverless compute and database capacity modes for irregular, long-running tasks requiring ordered processing.
Soru 2Soru →

A startup is launching a mobile game that stores user profile data. The game's traffic is highly unpredictable and spiky, with writes to the database increasing from 100 writes per second to over 12,000 writes per second within minutes when popular influencers stream the game. Outside of these events, traffic is minimal. The database must be highly available and scale automatically to handle these sudden spikes. Which database configuration meets these requirements most cost-effectively?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Amazon DynamoDB configured in on-demand capacity mode

Cevap

Amazon DynamoDB configured in on-demand capacity mode
The correct answer is the option proposing Amazon DynamoDB in on-demand capacity mode. For highly unpredictable workloads with sudden, massive spikes followed by periods of inactivity, DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode is the most cost-effective choice. It scales automatically and instantly to accommodate write spikes up to 12,000 writes per second and incurs no charges when the database is idle, charging only for actual read and write requests.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze workload characteristics
The workload has extreme write spikes (from 100 to 12,000 writes/sec) that occur rapidly (within minutes) and are highly unpredictable, with long periods of idle time.
Understanding the traffic pattern is critical to choosing the correct database capacity model.
2
Evaluate DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode against the workload profile
On-demand capacity mode instantly scales to accommodate sudden, unpredictable spikes in traffic and charges only for the actual requests consumed, making it highly cost-optimized for this pattern.
This mode avoids paying for idle resources while ensuring the database does not throttle during sudden spikes.
3
Compare with alternative configurations
Provisioned capacity with Auto Scaling cannot scale up quickly enough to handle sudden spikes from 100 to 12,000 writes per second, leading to database throttling. Statically provisioning for peak load is extremely expensive and wasteful during idle periods. Single-AZ RDS with a Read Replica is not a valid automated high availability option and cannot scale writes dynamically.
Confirming why the other options fail to meet the cost and performance requirements.

Anahtar Kavram

Selecting the optimal database capacity mode (on-demand vs. provisioned) based on workload predictability and scaling velocity to minimize cost while maintaining performance.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3Soru →

A media company is building a serverless video processing pipeline. Users upload raw video files to an Amazon S3 bucket. The transcoding process is CPU-intensive, takes between 20 to 45 minutes per video, and occurs at unpredictable intervals. The company wants to minimize compute costs, ensure the architecture scales automatically to zero when there are no uploads, and process the files in the exact order they are uploaded to maintain a chronological publishing timeline. Which architectural solution is the most cost-effective and meets these requirements?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Configure Amazon S3 event notifications to publish upload events to an Amazon SQS FIFO queue. Use an AWS Step Functions state machine to run an Amazon ECS task on AWS Fargate using the Fargate Spot capacity provider to process the videos from the queue.

Cevap

Configure Amazon S3 event notifications to publish upload events to an Amazon SQS FIFO queue, and use an AWS Step Functions state machine to run an Amazon ECS task on AWS Fargate using the Fargate Spot capacity provider.
The correct solution combines Amazon SQS FIFO queues to enforce first-in, first-out ordering, with Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate using Fargate Spot capacity providers. Fargate Spot offers up to a 70% cost discount for containers and scales to zero when there are no jobs, matching the cost-efficiency goals, while bypassing AWS Lambda's 15-minute execution limit.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the execution duration and compute requirements of the transcoding process.
The process takes 20 to 45 minutes, which exceeds the 15-minute maximum limit of AWS Lambda. Therefore, Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate is selected as the serverless compute platform.
To prevent runtime timeouts while maintaining a serverless scaling model.
2
Select the most cost-effective capacity provider for the containers.
AWS Fargate Spot is selected because it offers spare capacity at up to a 70% discount compared to standard Fargate, which fits the stateless, interruptible nature of batch video transcoding.
To minimize compute costs for unpredictable workloads.
3
Determine the message queue type to satisfy the strict chronological processing requirement.
Amazon SQS FIFO is selected instead of SQS standard.
Only SQS FIFO queues guarantee first-in, first-out ordering, preventing out-of-order execution.

Anahtar Kavram

Serverless container orchestration with Fargate Spot and order preservation with SQS FIFO.
Soru 4Soru →

A logistics company runs a tracking and analysis platform on AWS. The platform consists of a backend application on Amazon EC2 instances that runs continuously 24/7 with a predictable, steady-state load. The platform also runs a daily data validation batch job on EC2 instances that is stateless, can be interrupted at any time, and writes results to Amazon S3. The company also uses an Amazon RDS database for data storage. Which combination of strategies should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements most cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the predictable, steady-state Amazon EC2 instances.; Use Amazon EC2 Spot Instances to run the stateless, interruptible batch validation jobs.

Cevap

The correct options are purchasing a Compute Savings Plan to cover the predictable, steady-state Amazon EC2 instances, and using Amazon EC2 Spot Instances to run the stateless, interruptible batch validation jobs.
Purchasing a Compute Savings Plan is the most cost-effective way to cover the predictable, steady-state Amazon EC2 backend application load, offering significant discounts compared to On-Demand rates. Using Amazon EC2 Spot Instances is the optimal choice for the batch validation jobs since they are stateless, run once a day, and can tolerate interruptions, providing the maximum possible cost savings of up to 90% off On-Demand rates.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the backend application workload characteristics.
The backend application runs continuously 24/7 with a predictable, steady-state load.
Determining if the workload is steady-state helps select the appropriate purchasing option (Savings Plan or Reserved Instances) rather than On-Demand.
2
Analyze the daily batch validation job characteristics.
The batch validation job is stateless, can be interrupted at any time, and runs daily.
Identifying that a workload is fault-tolerant and interruptible makes it an ideal candidate for Spot Instances to maximize cost savings.
3
Evaluate the options for compute cost optimization.
Compute Savings Plans cover EC2 steady-state compute. Spot Instances cover the batch validation compute. NAT Gateways and Lambda are not appropriate or cost-effective for these specific configurations.
Combining Compute Savings Plans for steady-state workloads and Spot Instances for interruptible batch workloads delivers the most cost-effective architecture.

Anahtar Kavram

Selecting the most cost-effective AWS compute purchasing model (Savings Plans for steady-state, Spot Instances for interruptible workloads) based on workload characteristics.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 5Soru →

A financial services company generates daily transaction audit logs averaging 10 MB10\text{ MB} in size. These files are stored in an Amazon S3 Standard bucket. The logs are accessed frequently during the first 12 days12\text{ days} following their creation. After 12 days12\text{ days}, access to these files drops to zero. According to the company's compliance policy, the logs must be retained for a total of 28 days28\text{ days} from their creation date, after which they must be permanently deleted. Which lifecycle policy configuration is the MOST cost-effective for managing these files?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Retain the files in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 28 days28\text{ days} and configure a lifecycle rule to permanently delete them after 28 days28\text{ days}.

Cevap

Retain the files in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 28 days28\text{ days} and configure a lifecycle rule to permanently delete them after 28 days28\text{ days}.
Keeping the files in S3 Standard for the entire 28 days28\text{ days} is the most cost-effective option because any transition to S3 Standard-IA or S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval after 12 days12\text{ days} would leave the files in those tiers for only 16 days16\text{ days}. This is less than the minimum storage duration requirements of 30 days30\text{ days} for S3 Standard-IA and 90 days90\text{ days} for S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval, leading to prorated minimum duration charges that exceed the cost of S3 Standard. Transitioning to S3 Intelligent-Tiering also incurs monitoring fees without any cost benefit, as files are deleted before they can transition to lower-cost tiers.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the lifecycle of the files, noting that they are created, accessed for 12 days12\text{ days}, and deleted after 28 days28\text{ days} (total lifetime is 28 days28\text{ days}).
2
Calculate the duration of time the files would spend in a secondary storage class if transitioned after 12 days12\text{ days}, which is 28−12=16 days28 - 12 = 16\text{ days}.
3
Evaluate the minimum storage duration requirements for S3 Standard-IA (30 days30\text{ days}) and S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval (90 days90\text{ days}).
4
Determine that transitioning the files to these tiers would trigger early deletion/minimum storage duration penalties, offsetting any potential storage tier savings, and that S3 Intelligent-Tiering would add monitoring fees without tiering benefits because the files are deleted before the 30-day30\text{-day} inactivity threshold.

Anahtar Kavram

Understanding S3 storage class minimum storage duration charges and lifecycle transition rules.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 6Soru →

A financial analytics platform generates daily transaction ledger snapshots for audit validation. The platform produces approximately 50 million files monthly, with an average file size of 90 KB90\text{ KB}. These files are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. They are frequently accessed during the first 10 days after creation. From day 11 to day 25, they are accessed occasionally (less than once per week) but must remain available for immediate retrieval. After exactly 25 days, the files are no longer needed and can be safely deleted. Which storage strategy is the most cost-effective for these files?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Store the files in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 25-day lifecycle, and configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to expire the files 25 days after creation.

Cevap

Store the files in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 25-day lifecycle, and configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to expire the files 25 days after creation.
Storing the files in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 25 days is the most cost-effective option. The average file size (90 KB90\text{ KB}) is less than the S3 Standard-IA minimum billing size of 128 KB128\text{ KB}. Additionally, because the files are deleted after 25 days, transitioning them to S3 Standard-IA after 10 days would mean they spend only 15 days in that tier, which falls short of the 30-day minimum storage duration for S3 Standard-IA, triggering a penalty charge for the remaining 15 days. Finally, transitioning 50 million objects incurs transition request fees (0.01per1,000requests,or0.01 per 1,000 requests, or 500 total) which vastly exceed the storage costs ($82.25) of the raw data.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total storage volume and cost of keeping data in S3 Standard.
Total data volume per month is 50 million files of 90 KB90\text{ KB} average size, which equals approximately 4,291.5 GB4,291.5\text{ GB} (4.3 TB4.3\text{ TB}). In S3 Standard, storage cost is calculated based on the actual size (90 KB90\text{ KB}) and actual duration (25 days). The storage charge at 0.023perGB−monthisroughly0.023 per GB-month is roughly 4,291.5\text{ GB} \times (25/30) \times 0.023 = 82.25$. S3 Standard does not charge transition request fees upon creation.
Establishing a cost baseline for S3 Standard is necessary to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of transition alternatives.
2
Analyze the impact of transitioning to S3 Standard-IA.
Transitioning 50 million files to S3 Standard-IA costs 50,000,000×(0.01/1,000)=50050,000,000 \times (0.01 / 1,000) = 500 in transition request fees. Storing them in S3 Standard-IA at day 10 increases the billable size of each file from 90 KB90\text{ KB} to 128 KB128\text{ KB} (due to the minimum capacity charge). Because they are deleted at day 25, they spend 15 days in S3 Standard-IA but are billed for 30 days (due to the 30-day minimum storage duration). Total cost exceeds S3 Standard baseline by over 600%.
To determine if transitioning to Standard-IA is cost-effective, we must factor in S3 Standard-IA minimum size limits, minimum storage duration, and transition fees.
3
Evaluate the retrieval and duration requirements against S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval.
Transitioning to S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval violates the requirement for immediate retrieval, as standard retrieval takes 3 to 5 hours. Furthermore, Glacier Flexible Retrieval has a 90-day minimum storage duration, meaning the system would pay for an extra 75 days of storage per file as an early deletion penalty.
Checking service-level retrieval capability and early deletion penalties prevents selecting invalid or high-cost storage classes.
4
Evaluate S3 Intelligent-Tiering for small files.
S3 Intelligent-Tiering does not perform auto-tiering for files smaller than 128 KB128\text{ KB}. Storing these 90 KB90\text{ KB} files in S3 Intelligent-Tiering keeps them in the Frequent Access tier permanently (incurring standard rates), while still incurring transition request fees to move them into the class.
Understanding S3 Intelligent-Tiering's minimum size rule for monitoring prevents incurring unnecessary transition charges without benefit.

Anahtar Kavram

S3 Standard-IA and S3 Glacier storage tiering optimization constraints including minimum object sizes, minimum storage durations, and transition request costs.
Soru 7Soru →

A travel booking system generates daily XML reconciliation reports. The files average 15 MB15\text{ MB} in size and are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. These reports are accessed frequently during the first 1414 days for booking validation. After 1414 days, they are rarely accessed, but must be retained for auditing purposes for a total of 2525 days from creation. After 2525 days, the files are no longer needed and can be permanently deleted. Which of the following Amazon S3 lifecycle configurations provides the most cost-effective storage solution?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Keep the reports in the Amazon S3 Standard tier, and configure a lifecycle rule to permanently delete the files after 2525 days.

Cevap

Keep the reports in the Amazon S3 Standard tier, and configure a lifecycle rule to permanently delete the files after 2525 days.
Keeping the reports in Amazon S3 Standard and deleting them after 2525 days is the most cost-effective option. Because the total lifecycle of the files is only 2525 days, transitioning them to S3 Standard-IA or S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval after 1414 days would result in early deletion charges (due to their 3030-day and 9090-day minimum storage duration requirements, respectively). Thus, the cost of keeping them in S3 Standard for 2525 days is lower than transitioning them to a tier with minimum storage duration penalties.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the file lifecycle duration and access patterns.
The files have a total lifespan of 2525 days, with frequent access for the first 1414 days and rare access for the remaining 1111 days.
Understanding the timeline is necessary to evaluate minimum storage duration constraints for different S3 storage classes.
2
Evaluate S3 Standard-IA storage constraints.
S3 Standard-IA requires a minimum storage duration of 3030 days. Transitioning at day 1414 and deleting at day 2525 keeps files in S3 Standard-IA for only 1111 days, triggering a 1919-day early deletion charge.
Calculating early deletion charges helps determine if transitioning to a lower-cost tier is actually cheaper than keeping the files in S3 Standard.
3
Compare costs between S3 Standard and S3 Standard-IA with early deletion penalty.
Keeping the files in S3 Standard for 2525 days is more cost-effective than paying for 1414 days of S3 Standard plus 3030 days of S3 Standard-IA (along with transition request fees).
Selecting the option with the lowest total cost satisfies the requirement for a cost-optimized storage architecture.

Anahtar Kavram

Amazon S3 Standard-IA has a 3030-day minimum storage duration charge. If objects are deleted or transitioned before 3030 days have elapsed in this tier, an early deletion charge is applied.
Tahmini Süre:1m 15s
Soru 8Soru →

A software development company runs nightly build integration tests. The build artifacts, which average 4 MB4\text{ MB} each, are uploaded to an Amazon S3 Standard bucket. The developers access these build artifacts frequently for the first 1212 days to debug any integration issues. After 1212 days, the artifacts are rarely accessed, but the company's compliance policy requires that they be retained for a total of 2727 days before being permanently deleted. Millisecond retrieval times are required if an older artifact needs to be inspected. Which of the following lifecycle configurations is the most cost-effective?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Store the artifacts in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 2727 days, and then use an S3 Lifecycle rule to delete them.

Cevap

Store the artifacts in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 27 days, and then use an S3 Lifecycle rule to delete them.
Keeping the artifacts in S3 Standard for the entire 27 days is the most cost-effective approach. Transitioning the objects to S3 Standard-IA after 12 days would keep them in that tier for only 15 days before deletion. Since S3 Standard-IA has a minimum storage duration of 30 days, the company would be billed for 30 days of storage, incurring an early deletion charge that negates the lower storage rate.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the retrieval performance requirements.
The requirements demand millisecond retrieval times, which means cold storage classes like Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval cannot be used.
S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval requires minutes to hours for data retrieval, violating the retrieval time constraint.
2
Determine the storage duration in the transitioned tier.
The files are transitioned after 1212 days and deleted at 2727 days, meaning they would spend 1515 days in the secondary tier.
Evaluating the exact duration the files spend in the secondary tier is necessary to check for minimum storage duration penalties.
3
Evaluate S3 Standard-IA billing rules.
S3 Standard-IA has a 3030-day minimum storage duration. A 1515-day residency incurs a 1515-day billing penalty.
Understanding the minimum storage duration rule allows us to calculate that transitioning to S3 Standard-IA is not cost-effective due to the early deletion charge.

Anahtar Kavram

S3 Standard-IA storage class has a minimum storage duration of 30 days, which makes transitioning short-lived data to this tier financially suboptimal due to early deletion charges.
Soru 9Soru →

A startup runs a public web application on Amazon EC2 instances that requires a baseline capacity of four instances running 24/7 to handle steady-state traffic. The application writes to an Amazon DynamoDB table that experiences sudden, highly unpredictable spikes in database traffic. In addition, the startup runs daily batch processing jobs on AWS Fargate that are fault-tolerant and can be interrupted at any time.

Which combination of purchasing strategies should a solutions architect recommend to minimize compute costs for these workloads? (Select TWO.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the steady-state EC2 instances.; Use AWS Fargate Spot for the batch processing workloads.

Cevap

The solutions architect should purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the steady-state EC2 instances and use AWS Fargate Spot for the batch processing workloads.
Purchasing a Compute Savings Plan provides significant savings for the steady-state Amazon EC2 instances since they run continuously 24/7. Using AWS Fargate Spot is the most cost-effective choice for the batch processing workloads because they are fault-tolerant and can tolerate interruptions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the steady-state EC2 workload running 24/7.
Identify that a Compute Savings Plan offers the best discount for continuous, predictable EC2 compute usage over a 1-year or 3-year term.
Compute Savings Plans provide significant savings for steady-state workloads compared to On-Demand rates.
2
Analyze the batch processing Fargate workload.
Identify that AWS Fargate Spot is the most cost-effective option since the jobs are fault-tolerant and can tolerate interruptions.
Spot pricing provides the deepest discounts for interruptible workloads.
3
Evaluate the database and capacity configurations for other components.
Exclude Compute Savings Plans for RDS database instances and eliminate Lambda for continuous 24/7 workloads to prevent high costs.
Compute Savings Plans do not cover RDS, and Lambda is not cost-effective for continuous 24/7 processing.

Anahtar Kavram

Selecting the most cost-effective compute purchasing model based on workload characteristics (steady-state vs. interruptible) and service boundaries.
Soru 10Soru →

A health technology company runs genomic analysis workloads. The pipeline generates intermediate workspace files averaging 800 MB800\text{ MB} in size. These files are written to an Amazon S3 bucket and accessed frequently by compute nodes for the first 1010 days. Between day 1010 and day 2424, the files are rarely accessed but must remain available for immediate verification. On day 2424, the files are completely obsolete and must be permanently deleted. Which of the following is the most cost-effective storage strategy for these files?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Store the files in Amazon S3 Standard, and configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to delete the files after 2424 days.

Cevap

Storing the files in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire duration and configuring an S3 Lifecycle policy to delete them after 24 days is the most cost-effective strategy.
Storing the files in Amazon S3 Standard for the entire 2424-day duration is the most cost-effective option. Because the total lifespan of the files is less than 3030 days, any transition to S3 Standard-IA (either from the beginning or after 1010 days) triggers early deletion charges for the minimum storage duration requirement. Keeping the files in S3 Standard avoids retrieval fees, transition fees, and early deletion penalties.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the access pattern and retention requirements of the data.
The files are accessed frequently for the first 1010 days, rarely accessed for 1414 days, and must be deleted on day 2424. The total lifespan of the files is 2424 days.
This establishes the timeline and access patterns needed to evaluate storage class constraints.
2
Evaluate the constraints of Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) and S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval.
S3 Standard-IA has a 3030-day minimum storage duration, and S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval has a 9090-day minimum storage duration. Deleting files before these thresholds results in early deletion fees.
Understanding minimum storage durations is critical to calculating the real cost of transitioning short-lived data.
3
Calculate and compare the cost of keeping data in S3 Standard versus transitioning to S3 Standard-IA.
Keeping the data in S3 Standard for 2424 days is cheaper because transitioning to S3 Standard-IA on day 1010 and deleting on day 2424 triggers a 1616-day early deletion penalty (charging for 3030 days of IA storage total). This penalty, combined with transition fees, offsets the lower storage rate of S3 Standard-IA.
Mathematical comparison confirms that avoiding early deletion charges and transition fees makes the S3 Standard lifecycle policy the optimal choice.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying early deletion charges and minimum storage duration constraints when designing S3 lifecycle policies.
Soru 11Soru →

A SaaS provider operates an analytics application on Amazon EC2 instances located in the private subnets of VPC A in the us-west-2 Region. The application performs two primary data transfer tasks: it writes approximately 10 TB10\text{ TB} of data per month to an Amazon DynamoDB table in the same Region, and it replicates 25 TB25\text{ TB} of processed analytics reports per month to a centralized database server in VPC B in the same Region. Currently, both traffic pathways are routed through NAT Gateways in VPC A, resulting in significant data processing charges. Which combination of architectural modifications will minimize data transfer costs? (Select TWO.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Create a Gateway VPC Endpoint for Amazon DynamoDB in VPC A and associate it with the route tables of the private subnets.; Establish a VPC Peering connection between VPC A and VPC B, and configure the route tables to direct inter-VPC traffic over the peering connection.

Cevap

Creating a Gateway VPC Endpoint for Amazon DynamoDB in VPC A, and establishing a VPC Peering connection between VPC A and VPC B.
The correct options are to create a Gateway VPC Endpoint for Amazon DynamoDB and to establish a VPC Peering connection. Gateway VPC Endpoints are a free feature that allows private subnets to communicate with Amazon DynamoDB without traversing NAT Gateways, thus eliminating NAT Gateway data processing fees. VPC Peering allows direct network routing between VPC A and VPC B in the same Region without data processing fees, which is much more cost-effective than Transit Gateway routing.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the current cost drivers in the network architecture.
The application is routing 10 TB10\text{ TB} of Amazon DynamoDB traffic and 25 TB25\text{ TB} of inter-VPC traffic through NAT Gateways, which charges high data processing fees of $0.045\$0.045 per gigabyte.
Understanding the cost breakdown of the current traffic path allows targeting the highest costs first.
2
Select the most cost-effective routing method for Amazon DynamoDB traffic.
Amazon DynamoDB supports Gateway VPC Endpoints, which route traffic privately without using NAT Gateways. Gateway VPC Endpoints are free of charge, whereas Interface VPC Endpoints (AWS PrivateLink) incur hourly and data processing fees of $0.01\$0.01 per gigabyte.
Using the free Gateway VPC Endpoint completely eliminates data processing fees for DynamoDB traffic.
3
Select the most cost-effective routing method for inter-VPC traffic between VPC A and VPC B in the same Region.
VPC Peering is direct and does not charge any data processing fees. AWS Transit Gateway charges $.06\$.06 per gigabyte of processed data, making it less cost-effective than VPC Peering for a simple two-VPC connection.
VPC Peering avoids the hourly and data processing overhead associated with Transit Gateways or NAT Gateways for regional inter-VPC traffic.

Anahtar Kavram

Cost-effective routing via Gateway VPC Endpoints and VPC Peering to avoid NAT Gateway and Transit Gateway data processing fees.
Soru 12Soru →

A genomic research institution hosts an analytics pipeline on Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet of a VPC. The pipeline processes raw sequence data and uploads approximately 30 TB30\text{ TB} of processed datasets monthly to an Amazon S3 bucket within the same AWS Region. Currently, the subnet's route table routes all internet-bound and AWS service traffic through a NAT Gateway. The institution wants to significantly reduce its data transfer costs without making code changes to the pipeline or compromising the private status of the EC2 instances. Which architectural change will achieve the maximum cost reduction for this workload?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Create a Gateway VPC Endpoint for Amazon S3, and associate it with the route table of the private subnet.

Cevap

Create a Gateway VPC Endpoint for Amazon S3, and associate it with the route table of the private subnet.
Creating a Gateway VPC Endpoint for Amazon S3 is the most cost-effective solution. Gateway VPC Endpoints are available at no additional cost (no hourly charges and no data processing fees). By associating the endpoint with the private subnet's route table, traffic destined for S3 is routed directly through the AWS network using private IP addresses. This bypasses the NAT Gateway entirely, requires no changes to the application code, and maintains the private status of the EC2 instances.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the current data transfer route and the associated costs.
The private EC2 instances transfer 30 TB30\text{ TB} of data monthly to Amazon S3 through a NAT Gateway, which incurs a NAT Gateway data processing fee of 0.0450.045 USD per GB.
Identifying the root cause of the high data transfer costs requires analyzing the current network path.
2
Evaluate alternative private routing options for Amazon S3 traffic.
Gateway VPC Endpoints for Amazon S3 provide a direct, secure connection to S3 using private IP addresses. They do not charge hourly fees or per-GB data processing fees.
Choosing the most cost-effective alternative requires comparing the pricing models of NAT Gateway, Interface VPC Endpoints, and Gateway VPC Endpoints.
3
Configure the route table to redirect the traffic.
Associate the Gateway VPC Endpoint with the private subnet's route table. This adds a route pointing to the S3 prefix list with the Gateway Endpoint as the target.
Associating the endpoint with the route table ensures that all S3 traffic from the subnet bypasses the NAT Gateway automatically without requiring application code changes.

Anahtar Kavram

Gateway VPC Endpoints provide free, private routing to Amazon S3 and DynamoDB.
Soru 13Soru →

A company hosts a data processing application on Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet. The application downloads 50 TB50\text{ TB} of raw data monthly from Amazon S3, processes the data, and writes the metadata to an Amazon DynamoDB table. The EC2 instances must also periodically access the public internet to download software updates. Currently, all outbound traffic from the private subnet routes through a NAT gateway. A solutions architect must optimize the network routing to reduce data transfer and processing costs. Which two actions should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

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Cevap: Create a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 and associate it with the private subnet's route table.; Create a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon DynamoDB and associate it with the private subnet's route table.

Cevap

The solutions architect should create a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 and a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon DynamoDB, associating both with the private subnet's route table.
Creating gateway VPC endpoints for both Amazon S3 and Amazon DynamoDB and associating them with the subnet's route table is the most cost-effective solution. Gateway endpoints do not incur hourly or data processing charges, keeping the high-volume data transfers (50 TB50\text{ TB}) free. The NAT gateway is kept in place to handle low-volume outbound traffic for external software updates.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze current network flow and identify cost bottlenecks.
All traffic to Amazon S3 (50 TB50\text{ TB}) and Amazon DynamoDB is flowing through the NAT gateway, incurring high data processing charges ($0.045 per GB).
Traffic to public AWS services from private subnets defaults to the NAT gateway if endpoints are not configured.
2
Identify cost-effective alternatives for internal AWS service communication.
Gateway VPC endpoints are free of charge and provide direct routing to Amazon S3 and Amazon DynamoDB within the same Region.
Gateway endpoints bypass NAT gateways and route traffic privately over the AWS network backbone, eliminating processing fees.
3
Evaluate the remaining internet traffic requirements.
EC2 instances still require the NAT gateway for software updates from external repositories.
Gateway VPC endpoints only route traffic to S3 and DynamoDB; other public internet traffic continues using the NAT gateway routing path.

Anahtar Kavram

Gateway VPC Endpoints for S3 and DynamoDB
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 14Soru →

An e-commerce startup is launching a temporary promotional microservice that expects highly unpredictable, bursty traffic with long periods of zero activity. The development team wants to deploy a relational database and a non-relational database to support this microservice while minimizing costs. Which TWO of the following configurations are the most cost-effective database capacity choices for these workloads? (Select TWO.)

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Cevap: Amazon DynamoDB configured with on-demand capacity mode for the non-relational database; Amazon Aurora Serverless v2 for the relational database to scale capacity automatically based on database usage

Cevap

Amazon DynamoDB configured with on-demand capacity mode for the non-relational database, and Amazon Aurora Serverless v2 for the relational database to scale capacity automatically based on database usage.
For highly unpredictable workloads with long periods of zero activity, serverless options provide the best cost optimization. Amazon DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode eliminates the need to estimate throughput and does not charge for read/write capacity when there is no traffic. Amazon Aurora Serverless v2 dynamically scales capacity units in response to active database usage, minimizing costs during idle periods compared to running provisioned DB instances.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the workload characteristics and requirements.
The microservice has highly unpredictable, bursty traffic with long periods of zero activity, and requires both relational and non-relational databases.
Identifying the workload profile is necessary to choose the correct database capacity and scaling modes.
2
Evaluate the capacity options for the non-relational database.
Amazon DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode charges only for active read/write requests and has zero cost when idle.
Provisioned capacity mode (even with auto-scaling) incurs continuous baseline charges and cannot scale to zero, making it inefficient for this workload.
3
Evaluate the capacity options for the relational database.
Amazon Aurora Serverless v2 automatically scales capacity dynamically based on demand to reduce costs during low-use periods.
Provisioned RDS instances with read replicas maintain active compute instances that charge continuously, even during idle hours.

Anahtar Kavram

Selecting serverless capacity modes (DynamoDB On-Demand and Aurora Serverless) is the most cost-effective approach for highly unpredictable, bursty database workloads with periods of zero activity.
Soru 15Soru →

A company manages a multi-account environment under AWS Organizations. During a monthly billing cycle review, the operations team discovered that a development team had accidentally left high-cost Amazon EC2 instances running over the weekend, resulting in a significant cost overrun. The company needs a solution that automatically detects unusual or sudden cost spikes and alerts the team within 24 hours of occurrence, without requiring manual configuration of static thresholds for every AWS service.

Which solution should a Solutions Architect implement to meet these requirements with the least administrative effort?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Configure AWS Cost Anomaly Detection with an AWS Organization monitor type, and define an alert subscription to notify the operations team via an Amazon SNS topic.

Cevap

Configure AWS Cost Anomaly Detection with an AWS Organization monitor type, and define an alert subscription to notify the operations team via an Amazon SNS topic.
The correct solution uses AWS Cost Anomaly Detection, which leverages machine learning to dynamically monitor cost patterns across the entire AWS Organization. This requires minimal administrative effort because it does not require defining static budget thresholds for each service or account. Alerts are sent automatically via Amazon SNS within 24 hours of anomaly detection.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the need for dynamic anomaly detection.
Identify that static budgets (AWS Budgets) are not requested because the scenario requires detection without manual configuration of static thresholds.
Static budgets require defining fixed thresholds, which increases administrative effort and might miss anomalies that do not exceed the overall budget.
2
Compare proactive alert capabilities of cost tools.
Select AWS Cost Anomaly Detection over AWS Cost Explorer reports.
AWS Cost Anomaly Detection uses machine learning to automatically detect unexpected spikes and send alerts within 24 hours. AWS Cost Explorer is meant for retrospective analysis and does not support real-time proactive alerting.
3
Ensure organization-wide coverage with minimal overhead.
Use the AWS Organization monitor type linked to Amazon SNS.
This configuration monitors all member accounts automatically, alerting the operations team via SNS without needing custom polling scripts or lambda functions.

Anahtar Kavram

AWS Cost Anomaly Detection uses machine learning to dynamically detect unusual spending patterns across all AWS accounts in an organization and proactively alert teams without the administrative overhead of setting up static budgets.
Soru 16Soru →

A media streaming company is designing a cost-optimized architecture on AWS. The application consists of a web portal and API tier running on Amazon EC2 instances 24/7 with a predictable resource baseline, a video transcoding service on EC2 instances that processes user uploads dynamically and is fault-tolerant, and an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. The transcoding service transfers large volumes of video data to and from Amazon S3. Which combination of strategies will provide the most cost-effective compute and data transfer architecture? (Select TWO.)

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Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the baseline EC2 instances running the web portal and API tier.; Deploy the video transcoding service on EC2 Spot Instances managed by an Auto Scaling group.

Cevap

Deploying the video transcoding service on EC2 Spot Instances and purchasing a Compute Savings Plan to cover the baseline EC2 instances running the web portal and API tier.
The correct strategy combines a Compute Savings Plan for the predictable 24/7 web portal and API tier with EC2 Spot Instances for the stateless, fault-tolerant transcoding service. Compute Savings Plans provide automatic discounts on EC2 instances, while Spot Instances offer the highest discounts for workloads that can handle interruptions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the web portal and API workload characteristics.
Identified as a 24/7 running compute workload with a predictable baseline.
This steady-state compute requirement makes it eligible and optimal for a Compute Savings Plan, which offers a discount in exchange for a continuous usage commitment.
2
Analyze the video transcoding workload characteristics.
Identified as a stateless, fault-tolerant, and dynamically scaling workload.
Because the transcoding service can handle interruptions, it is an ideal candidate for EC2 Spot Instances, which provide the maximum discount rate.
3
Evaluate the database and data transfer components for cost optimization.
Determined that RDS cannot be covered by Compute Savings Plans and that NAT Gateways introduce unnecessary data processing fees for high-volume S3 transfers.
This rules out the incorrect options and confirms that a S3 Gateway Endpoint and RDS Reserved Instances should be used for those specific components.

Anahtar Kavram

Selecting cost-optimized compute purchasing models (Savings Plans, Spot Instances) and avoiding expensive data transfer paths for predictable and interruptible workloads.
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 17Soru →

A company is designing a cost-optimization strategy for its application on AWS. The application consists of the following components:
- A fleet of Amazon EC2 instances running a web backend that operates 24/724/7 with a steady-state requirement of 1010 instances, scaling up during peak hours.
- An Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database instance that operates 24/724/7.
- A data transformation batch job running on EC2 instances in a private subnet. The job runs daily, is fault-tolerant, and downloads massive amounts of daily transaction logs from Amazon S3.

Which combination of options is the MOST cost-effective for these requirements?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the baseline EC2 instances, use Spot Instances for the batch job EC2 instances, purchase RDS Reserved Instances for the database, and create a Gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3.

Cevap

The most cost-effective option is to purchase a Compute Savings Plan for the baseline EC2 instances, use Spot Instances for the batch job, purchase RDS Reserved Instances for the database, and create a Gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3.
The correct strategy combines a Compute Savings Plan for the baseline EC2 instances, Spot Instances for the interruptible batch job, RDS Reserved Instances for the 24/7 database, and a Gateway VPC endpoint to avoid NAT Gateway data processing charges for S3 traffic.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze compute baseline optimization
Identify that the 24/7 steady-state EC2 instances can be covered by a Compute Savings Plan to maximize savings.
Compute Savings Plans provide a significant discount for consistent, steady-state compute usage over a 1-year or 3-year term.
2
Select purchasing model for the batch job
Select Spot Instances for the EC2 instances running the data transformation batch job.
Since the batch job is fault-tolerant and can run at any time, Spot Instances offer the lowest cost (up to 90% off On-Demand) and can handle interruptions.
3
Optimize the database costs
Select RDS Reserved Instances for the 24/7 PostgreSQL database.
Reserved Instances provide a significant discount for database instances that run continuously 24/7.
4
Minimize data transfer costs to S3
Choose a Gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 instead of routing traffic through a NAT Gateway.
A Gateway VPC endpoint is free and allows traffic to traverse privately directly to S3, avoiding expensive NAT Gateway data processing charges.

Anahtar Kavram

Selecting cost-optimized purchasing strategies (Compute Savings Plans, Spot, Reserved Instances) and optimizing network traffic pathways to avoid NAT Gateway charges.
Soru 18Soru →

A company has a distributed data processing application running on Amazon EC2 instances. The instances are deployed across two Availability Zones (us−east−1aus-east-1a and us−east−1bus-east-1b) in a single VPC. The application nodes constantly exchange intermediate data, totaling approximately 80 TB80\text{ TB} of data transfer monthly. The nodes currently communicate using their auto-assigned public IP addresses. Which two recommendations should a solutions architect make to reduce the monthly network data transfer charges? (Select TWO.)

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Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Configure the application nodes to communicate using their private IP addresses instead of public IP addresses; Launch the EC2 instances in a single Availability Zone using a cluster placement group

Cevap

The correct recommendations are to configure the application nodes to use private IP addresses for communication and to deploy the instances in a single Availability Zone using a cluster placement group.
Configuring nodes to communicate using private IP addresses is highly cost-effective because data transfer using private IPs within the same Availability Zone is free of charge. Launching the instances in a single Availability Zone using a cluster placement group eliminates cross-Availability Zone data transfer charges entirely while maintaining the low-latency network performance required for distributed data processing.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the current network path and IP usage for node communication.
The nodes currently use public IP addresses, which routes traffic through public AWS endpoints and incurs data transfer out and in charges.
To begin optimization, we must determine the cheapest IP addressing scheme available within a VPC.
2
Evaluate the impact of switching to private IP addresses.
Switching to private IP addresses makes traffic within the same Availability Zone free ($0.00 per GB\$0.00\text{ per GB}) and reduces cross-Availability Zone traffic cost to standard internal rates.
Private IP communication within a VPC avoids public IP data transfer pricing.
3
Evaluate the impact of consolidation into a single Availability Zone.
Placing all nodes in the same Availability Zone eliminates cross-Availability Zone data transfer charges ($0.01 per GB\$0.01\text{ per GB} in each direction). Using a cluster placement group ensures the low-latency network performance is maintained.
Distributed applications with high inter-node communication are most cost-effective when consolidated within a single Availability Zone.

Anahtar Kavram

AWS data transfer charges vary based on the IP address type (public vs. private) and network boundaries (same Availability Zone vs. cross-Availability Zone). Using private IPs and single-AZ cluster placement groups optimizes both cost and performance for high-throughput distributed workloads.
Soru 19Soru →

A logistics company operates a central distribution dashboard that consists of a fleet of Amazon ECS tasks running on AWS Fargate to handle constant, predictable API requests throughout the day. The backend stores shipment records in an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database instance that also runs continuously. The company wants to minimize compute costs for these resources without modifying the application code or architecture. Which combination of purchasing strategies should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the AWS Fargate tasks; Purchase Amazon RDS Reserved Instances for the PostgreSQL database

Cevap

Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the AWS Fargate tasks, and purchase Amazon RDS Reserved Instances for the PostgreSQL database.
Purchasing a Compute Savings Plan provides significant savings for AWS Fargate compute usage, which fits the predictable API traffic profile. Purchasing Amazon RDS Reserved Instances provides a discounted hourly rate for the database instance, which runs continuously 24/7. Together, these strategies minimize compute costs for both components without requiring application modifications.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the compute options for the containerized API workload.
The AWS Fargate tasks run continuously with predictable resource needs. A Compute Savings Plan is selected as it directly covers Fargate usage and offers a significant discount.
Compute Savings Plans are flexible and apply automatically to Fargate, ECS, Lambda, and EC2 compute usage.
2
Evaluate the compute options for the database workload.
The PostgreSQL database runs continuously on Amazon RDS. Amazon RDS Reserved Instances are selected to reduce the hourly database instance cost.
Compute Savings Plans do not apply to Amazon RDS. RDS Reserved Instances must be purchased separately for RDS databases.
3
Compare against constraints and alternative purchasing models.
Alternative options such as migrating to AWS Lambda or DynamoDB are rejected because they either increase costs for 24/7 workloads or require major architectural modifications.
The scenario requires minimizing costs without modifying the application code or architecture.

Anahtar Kavram

Matching appropriate AWS purchasing models (Compute Savings Plans, RDS Reserved Instances) to specific compute and database workloads to maximize cost savings.
Soru 20Soru →

A company runs a financial ledger application that processes transaction records in batches. The transaction batches are uploaded at unpredictable intervals throughout the day. To prevent account balance discrepancies, all transactions within a batch must be processed in the exact order they were received. Each processing job takes between 20 to 30 minutes to complete. The company wants to minimize costs by ensuring that compute resources are only active and incurring charges when transactions are actually being processed. Which architecture meets these requirements in the most cost-effective manner?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Publish transactions to an Amazon SQS FIFO queue. Configure an Amazon ECS service running on AWS Fargate with target tracking scaling based on queue depth to run the processing containers, scaling the service down to zero tasks when the queue is empty.

Cevap

Publish transactions to an Amazon SQS FIFO queue. Configure an Amazon ECS service running on AWS Fargate with target tracking scaling based on queue depth to run the processing containers, scaling the service down to zero tasks when the queue is empty.
The correct answer combines Amazon SQS FIFO queues to guarantee strict order processing with Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate. Fargate is appropriate because it has no 15-minute timeout restriction like AWS Lambda, allowing the 20 to 30-minute jobs to complete successfully. Furthermore, by configuring target tracking scaling based on queue depth, the ECS service can scale the number of tasks down to zero when the queue is empty, eliminating idle compute costs.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the execution runtime requirement for the processing job.
Since each processing batch takes 20 to 30 minutes, it exceeds the 15-minute maximum timeout of AWS Lambda. A containerized solution using Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate is selected instead.
To ensure that compute resources can execute continuously for more than 15 minutes without timing out.
2
Analyze the data sequencing and ordering constraints.
To guarantee strict first-in, first-out ordering of transaction processing and prevent balance discrepancies, Amazon SQS FIFO queues are chosen over standard SQS queues.
Standard SQS queues do not guarantee strict message ordering.
3
Evaluate the scaling and pricing optimization strategies.
An ECS service running on Fargate is configured to scale dynamically based on the queue depth of the SQS FIFO queue, scaling down to zero tasks when no messages are present.
Scaling to zero tasks ensures that the company pays nothing for compute when there is no workload active.

Anahtar Kavram

Combining SQS FIFO queues for strict ordering with Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate auto-scaled to zero for cost-effective long-running batch execution.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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