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Zorluk: OrtaSpanning Tree Protocol Operations

An active network link fails on an access switch operating under standard IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). In what chronological order do the switches process and propagate this event across the switched network?

  1. 1The switch experiencing the link state change generates a Topology Change Notification (TCN) BPDU.
  2. 2The local switch transmits the TCN BPDU out its Designated/Root Port toward the Root Bridge.
  3. 3The upstream switch acknowledges receipt of the TCN BPDU by returning a Topology Change Acknowledgment (TCA) flag and forwards the TCN toward the Root Bridge.
  4. 4The Root Bridge receives the TCN BPDU and sets the Topology Change (TC) bit in its periodic Configuration BPDUs.
  5. 5Receiving switches temporarily shorten their MAC address table aging timer to flush stale forwarding entries.

Cevap

The correct chronological sequence begins with the local switch generating a TCN BPDU upon link failure, sending it upstream toward the Root Bridge, followed by intermediate switches acknowledging receipt with a TCA flag and forwarding the TCN upstream. Next, the Root Bridge receives the TCN and broadcasts Configuration BPDUs with the TC flag set, causing all switches in the network to temporarily reduce their MAC address table aging timer to flush stale entries.
The correct order follows the standard 802.1D Topology Change Notification mechanism: Local event detection and TCN generation -> Upstream TCN transmission -> Hop-by-hop TCA acknowledgment -> Root Bridge TC flag announcement -> Network-wide MAC table aging timer reduction.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the event trigger and initial frame generation.
The switch detecting the link transition creates a TCN BPDU.
802.1D requires local switches to report topology changes to the Root Bridge rather than flooding updates independently.
2
Propagate the notification upstream.
The TCN BPDU is sent out the Root Port toward the Root Bridge.
TCN BPDUs flow upward through the STP tree structure to reach the central root switch.
3
Process intermediate hop acknowledgments.
Upstream neighbors send a TCA flag back and continue forwarding the TCN.
Hop-by-hop acknowledgment ensures reliable delivery of the topology change notice.
4
Broadcast the network-wide topology change notification.
The Root Bridge receives the TCN and sets the TC flag in outgoing Configuration BPDUs.
The Root Bridge is the authoritative source for network-wide configuration updates.
5
Execute MAC table convergence across all switches.
Switches receiving the TC flag shorten their MAC table aging timer to the Forward Delay value (15 seconds).
Shortening the aging timer flushes MAC entries that may point to paths disrupted by the link failure.

Anahtar Kavram

802.1D Spanning Tree Topology Change Notification (TCN) propagation and MAC aging timer adjustment
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