Consider the following passage:
A study of corporate executives found that every executive who completed an advanced management program recorded a minimum 15 percent increase in team productivity over the following year. Additionally, all executives in the study who received a performance bonus had completed the program.
Evaluate the following statement: Based strictly on the passage, the claim 'Completing the advanced management program guarantees that an executive will receive a performance bonus' is a valid logical inference.
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Cevap
False. The claim represents an unwarranted speculation based on a conditional reversal, not a valid inference that must be true.
The claim is false because a valid inference in Critical Reasoning must strictly follow from the explicit facts given. The passage states that all bonus recipients completed the program, meaning program completion was a necessary requirement for getting a bonus. However, it does not state that completing the program automatically guarantees receiving a bonus. Inferring a guaranteed bonus reverses the conditional logic, making it an unwarranted speculation rather than a valid inference.
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Anahtar Kavram
Distinguishing valid inferences (must be true) from unwarranted assumptions and conditional reversals