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Zorluk: OrtaDistinguishing Inferences from Assumptions and Speculations

A regional commercial airline compiled operational data for all scheduled flights across its Eastern Division during 2025. Analysis of the logs revealed that every flight experiencing a departure delay exceeding 45 minutes had undergone unscheduled engine maintenance earlier that same day. Additionally, none of the flights that underwent unscheduled engine maintenance earlier that day arrived at their destination on schedule.

Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage above?

  1. Every flight in the Eastern Division during 2025 that experienced a departure delay exceeding 45 minutes failed to arrive at its destination on schedule.Cevap
  2. B
    Unscheduled engine maintenance was the primary cause of departure delays exceeding 45 minutes in the Eastern Division in 2025.
  3. C
    Any flight in the Eastern Division that failed to arrive at its destination on schedule must have experienced a departure delay exceeding 45 minutes.
  4. D
    Flights in the Eastern Division that experienced departure delays of less than 45 minutes did not undergo unscheduled engine maintenance.
  5. E
    The Western Division of the airline experienced fewer departure delays exceeding 45 minutes than the Eastern Division did in 2025.

Cevap

Every flight in the Eastern Division during 2025 that experienced a departure delay exceeding 45 minutes failed to arrive at its destination on schedule.
The correct answer directly synthesizes the two stated factual premises using transitive deduction: every flight with a departure delay exceeding 45 minutes underwent unscheduled engine maintenance, and every flight that underwent unscheduled engine maintenance failed to arrive on schedule. Therefore, any flight with a departure delay exceeding 45 minutes necessarily failed to arrive on schedule.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the explicit premises given in the stimulus.
Premise 1: Departure delay > 45 min → Unscheduled engine maintenance. Premise 2: Unscheduled engine maintenance → NOT arrive on schedule.
Inference questions require strictly combining stated premises without introducing unstated assumptions.
2
Apply transitive conditional logic to connect the premises.
Departure delay > 45 min → Unscheduled engine maintenance → NOT arrive on schedule.
If A implies B, and B implies C, then A must imply C.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one that MUST BE TRUE based solely on this deduction.
The statement that any flight delayed by over 45 minutes failed to arrive on schedule is a direct, inescapable logical deduction.
An inference must be guaranteed by the premises, whereas assumptions and speculations add unproven claims.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinguishing strict logical inferences (Must Be True) from unstated causal assumptions and out-of-scope speculations.
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Konular

Distinguishing Inferences from Assumptions and Speculations

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