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Zorluk: Çok zorSingle-Sentence Inferences

Read the following passage snippet from a study on marine geochemistry:

"Although nineteenth-century geologists assumed that deep subseafloor basaltic crust was entirely devoid of metabolic activity, recent oceanographic drilling reveals that chemolithoautotrophic microbes thrive within subcrustal microfractures; notably, while these endolithic communities account for less than one percent of total marine biomass, their steady oxidation of ferrous iron within fluids sequestered from open ocean circulation buffers local seawater pH over millennial timescales—a stabilizing function previously attributed exclusively to the dissolution of surface carbonate sediments."

Which of the following inferences regarding surface carbonate sediment dissolution is most strictly supported by the passage?

  1. It was formerly believed by scientists to be the sole process responsible for stabilizing local ocean pH over periods spanning thousands of years.Cevap
  2. B
    It is carried out by microbial populations that constitute less than one percent of total oceanic biomass.
  3. C
    It has been proven to be entirely ineffective at regulating long-term seawater acidity compared to microbial iron oxidation.
  4. D
    It takes place primarily within isolated subcrustal fluids that do not mix with open ocean circulation.
  5. E
    It fails to maintain ocean pH because surface sediments are rapidly depleted by deep-sea microbial consumption.

Cevap

The passage strictly supports the inference that surface carbonate sediment dissolution was formerly believed by scientists to be the sole process responsible for stabilizing local ocean pH over periods spanning thousands of years.
The sentence states that buffering local seawater pH over millennial timescales was 'previously attributed exclusively to the dissolution of surface carbonate sediments.' From the word 'exclusively,' it can be logically inferred that scientists formerly believed surface carbonate sediment dissolution was the sole process responsible for this long-term pH stabilizing effect.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the target sentence to identify references to surface carbonate sediment dissolution.
The final clause specifies that buffering local seawater pH over millennial timescales was 'a stabilizing function previously attributed exclusively to the dissolution of surface carbonate sediments.'
Single-sentence inference requires mapping exact syntactic relationships and scope bounds.
2
Deduce the logical claim implied by the modifier 'previously attributed exclusively'.
If a stabilizing function (buffering ocean pH over millennial timescales) was previously attributed exclusively to surface carbonate dissolution, then researchers formerly believed surface carbonate dissolution was the only mechanism performing that long-term stabilizing role.
The word 'exclusively' restricts past scientific belief strictly to this single process.
3
Evaluate answer choices to eliminate unwarranted extrapolations and misattributed modifiers.
The correct response accurately restates the strict deduction without exaggerating tone or shifting modifying clauses.
Ensures full alignment with GMAT Reading Comprehension standards.

Anahtar Kavram

Single-Sentence Logical Deduction
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Konular

Single-Sentence Inferences

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