Dr. Aris: Many urban planners argue that expanding highway capacity in suburban areas consistently reduces overall traffic congestion. However, this general rule does not hold true in practice. For instance, when Metro City expanded the Westland Expressway from four lanes to eight lanes, traffic volume increased dramatically over the following two years as more commuters opted to drive, ultimately resulting in longer peak-hour travel delays than before the expansion.
Which of the following best describes the method of reasoning used by Dr. Aris?
- Refuting a general claim by presenting a specific counterexample that contradicts it.Cevap
- BConfusing an intermediate observation about commuter choices with the main position being argued.
- CDemonstrating that a proposed policy relies on an unsound analogy between two distinct metropolitan areas.
- DIgnoring a critical qualification in an opposing position by focusing exclusively on extreme cases.
- EOverlooking a structural pivot in historical traffic trends when evaluating policy outcomes.
Cevap
The argument refutes a general claim by providing a specific counterexample that demonstrates the opposite outcome.
The correct answer accurately characterizes the argumentative strategy. The speaker introduces a general claim held by urban planners ('expanding highway capacity... consistently reduces overall traffic congestion') and disproves its universal applicability by presenting a concrete instance ('Metro City expanded the Westland Expressway... resulting in longer peak-hour travel delays').
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Anahtar Kavram
Method of Reasoning: Refutation via Counterexample