Passage:
Recent investigations into early urban settlements in the Indus Valley suggest that agricultural surplus alone cannot account for the rapid expansion of secondary craft centers during the Mature Harappan phase (c. 2600–1900 BCE). Traditional models posit that agrarian yield directly fueled urbanization by supporting specialized labor cohorts. However, isotopic analysis of human enamel from specialized artisan quarters reveals that over forty percent of resident bead-makers and metallurgists were first-generation migrants originating from geographically distant resource zones, such as the Badakhshan region and the Deccan Plateau. Archeologists hypothesize that craft expansion was driven primarily by organized long-distance trade syndicates recruiting skilled foreign artisans, rather than by domestic population growth funded by local farm output.
Statement: If isotopic analysis of non-artisan urban residents across Mature Harappan settlements reveals a similarly high proportion of first-generation foreign migrants, this finding would weaken the archeologists' hypothesis.
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