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Zorluk: ZorCompleting the Passage Logically

Which of the following phrases most logically completes the passage below?

Cevap:In recent years, several major pharmaceutical firms have transitioned from fixed-fee manufacturing contracts to outcome-based pricing models for newly approved rare-disease therapies, reimbursing healthcare providers if a drug fails to produce measurable clinical efficacy within six months. While proponents argued that this shift would incentivize drugmakers to release only highly effective treatments, industry analysts note that developing diagnostic tests to reliably verify six-month clinical efficacy requires substantial upfront capital that small biotech firms cannot afford. Consequently, if third-party insurers demand outcome-based pricing across all rare-disease therapies, small biotech developers will likely be forced to license their experimental compounds to large pharmaceutical conglomerates long before clinical trials conclude, thereby 【consolidating market control of innovative rare-disease drugs within large pharmaceutical conglomerates】.

Cevap

The passage is most logically completed by indicating that mandatory outcome-based pricing will consolidate market dominance and commercialization control within large pharmaceutical conglomerates while preventing small biotechs from bringing therapies to market independently.
The correct logical completion must bridge the shift from biotechs being unable to fund diagnostic testing to their forced licensing of compounds to large pharmaceutical conglomerates. Early licensing deprives small biotechs of direct commercialization, thereby entrenching and consolidating market control of innovative rare-disease treatments within large pharmaceutical conglomerates.

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1
Identify and break down the premise chain in the passage.
Premise 1: Outcome-based pricing requires costly diagnostic tests to verify clinical efficacy. Premise 2: Small biotech firms lack the capital required to develop these diagnostic tests. Premise 3: Mandatory outcome-based pricing forces small biotechs to license their compounds to large pharmaceutical conglomerates early in clinical development.
Establishing the causal sequence of constraints described in the stimulus.
2
Synthesize the premise chain to infer the final unstated consequence.
Because small biotechs must hand over their experimental therapies early to large conglomerates, commercial control and market presence shifts heavily away from independent biotechs toward large pharmaceutical corporations.
Completing the argument logically requires drawing the direct result of forced early-stage licensing without introducing outside assumptions.

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Completing the Passage Logically
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