Passage:
In evolutionary linguistics, a central debate concerns the origin of syntactic recursion—the capacity to embed structures within structures of the same type (e.g., relative clauses within sentences). Proponents of the adaptationist view argue that recursion evolved as a domain-specific genetic adaptation explicitly selected to enhance complex social communication. Opposing this view, cognitive anthropologist Dr. Elena Vance contends that syntactic recursion is an exaptation: a cognitive byproduct of domain-general planning mechanisms originally selected for late Acheulean stone-tool manufacturing. Vance argues that because toolmaking requires hierarchical, sequential action planning—where sub-goals are nested within primary goals—the neural architecture for recursive processing was already established prior to the emergence of complex language. To support her hypothesis, Vance highlights neuroimaging studies showing that modern individuals executing complex lithic knapping activate frontoparietal neural networks nearly identical to those engaged during recursive sentence processing.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Dr. Vance's argument that syntactic recursion emerged as an exaptation from cognitive mechanisms selected for toolmaking?
- Fossilized hominin endocasts indicate that the frontal lobe regions responsible for hierarchical syntactic processing underwent significant expansion prior to the appearance of multi-stage lithic technologies in the archaeological record.Cevap
- BNeuroimaging of modern humans engaging in non-recursive, repetitive motor tasks reveals activation in cerebral regions entirely distinct from those activated during language production.
- CExperimental studies demonstrate that modern individuals trained in Acheulean lithic techniques show measurable improvements in their ability to comprehend complex recursive grammatical structures.
- DSeveral contemporary hunter-gatherer languages rely predominantly on parataxis rather than embedded recursive clauses to express complex spatial relationships.
- EArchaeological analysis confirms that Acheulean stone-tool production techniques remained structurally unchanged across geographically isolated hominin populations for over 500,000 years.