Tüm alıştırma soruları

[Tab 1: Fleet Eco-Rebate Policy (2026)]
Urban Logistics Incentive Rules:
- Category A Vehicles (Electric Delivery Vans): Qualify for a $4,000 base rebate per unit if acquired in Q1 or Q2 of 2026. Qualify for a$ 2,000 base rebate per unit if acquired in Q3 or Q4 of 2026.
- Battery Bonus Exception: Any Category A vehicle equipped with a long-range battery receives an additional $1,000 bonus rebate above its base rebate, regardless of acquisition quarter.
- Non-Category A Vehicles: Not eligible for rebates under this program.

Based on the information provided in Tab 1 and Tab 2, which of the following statements must be true? (Select all that apply.)

The following three sources provide details regarding a Phase II clinical trial for a new therapeutic candidate:

Tab 1: Clinical Trial Protocol (Section 3.2)
Subjects in Arm A are scheduled to receive a daily dose of $50\text{ mg}$ of Active Drug X for $14\text{ consecutive days}$, followed immediately by a $7\text{-day}$ washout period during which $0\text{ mg}$ of medication is administered. Subjects in Arm B receive a matching placebo daily for $21\text{ consecutive days}$.

Tab 2: Central Pharmacy Dispensing Log
During the 21-day trial window, the central pharmacy logged a total cumulative dosage of $700\text{ mg}$ of Active Drug X dispensed per subject in Arm A, and $0\text{ mg}$ dispensed per subject in Arm B.

Tab 3: Independent Auditor Compliance Report
The compliance audit reveals that subjects in Arm A logged active pill ingestion on each of the $21\text{ days}$ of the trial window, recording no days with zero medication intake.

Which of the following statements, if true, would help explain or resolve the apparent discrepancy between the protocol specification, the pharmacy dispensing logs, and the auditor's compliance report? Select all that apply.

In City Y, between 2018 and 2023, the proportion of all daily commuter trips taken via the municipal subway system increased from 20 percent to 30 percent. During this same five-year period, the total number of daily commuter trips taken across all modes of transportation in City Y decreased by 40 percent.

If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions must also be true regarding daily commuter trips in City Y from 2018 to 2023?

Based on the data provided in the table below regarding student enrollment across four university departments in 2025, the percentage of international students in the Business department is greater than the percentage of international students in the Engineering department.

Tab 1: Executive Summary Memo
Apex Logistics management claims that replacing 40% of its delivery fleet with electric vehicles (EVs) in 2025 was the direct cause of the overall reduction in annual fleet operating expenses. The memo asserts: "Because electric vehicles incur substantially lower energy costs per mile and require minimal routine maintenance, transitioning 40% of our fleet to EVs produced our operational cost savings for 2025."

Based on the information integrated across Tab 1 and Tab 2, which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens management's argument that EV adoption was the primary cause of the reduction in total fleet operating expenses in 2025?

An investor allocates a sum of money between two financial products, Account A and Account B. Account A yields an annual simple interest rate of $6\%$, while Account B yields an annual simple interest rate of $10\%$. After one year, the total interest earned from both accounts combined is $\$2,600$. If the amount invested in Account B is exactly twice the amount invested in Account A, select the value that corresponds to the amount invested in Account A and the value that corresponds to the amount invested in Account B.

In a GMAT Data Sufficiency problem, if Statement (1) alone does not provide sufficient information to answer the question stem, but Statement (2) alone provides sufficient information, combining both statements is required to establish overall sufficiency.

A logistics company packages cargo into two types of containers: Standard containers and Heavy-duty containers.

A shipment of $3$ Standard containers and $2$ Heavy-duty containers has a total mass of $1,400$ kilograms. A second shipment of $2$ Standard containers and $4$ Heavy-duty containers has a total mass of $2,000$ kilograms.

Based on this information, select the value in kilograms for the mass of a single Standard container and for the mass of a single Heavy-duty container so that the selections are consistent with the given information.

Many urban transit advocates argue that expanding municipal light rail networks inevitably reduces highway traffic congestion by drawing drivers off major roadways. However, recent mobility studies demonstrate that new rail lines often induce outer-suburban residential development, ultimately generating additional automobile trips onto regional highways. Although light rail projects unquestionably provide essential mobility options for residents who lack personal vehicles, the core premise that such systems alleviate highway gridlock is demonstrably false. Therefore, municipal transportation authorities should not approve funding for light rail expansions when the sole justification provided is congestion reduction.

Which of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the argument above?

To prevent the degradation of 17th-century oil paintings, conservators in Florence recently introduced nitrogen-purged display cases. While skeptics argued that the initial installation costs would burden museum budgets, recent environmental monitoring confirms that these sealed enclosures reduce oxidative damage by over 80 percent, thereby eliminating the need for frequent, costly chemical restorations. Therefore, adopting nitrogen-purged enclosures is ultimately a cost-effective strategy for long-term art preservation.

Which of the following statements functions as the primary premise offered in support of the argument's main conclusion?

Several agricultural cooperatives in the Pacific Northwest recently introduced microalgae-based soil conditioners to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Although skepticism persists regarding the initial processing costs of microalgae, extensive field trials conducted over three consecutive harvest cycles demonstrated a 22 percent increase in soil nitrogen retention without altering pH levels. Therefore, municipal agricultural boards should subsidize microalgae conditioning for smallholder farms to ensure long-term soil health.

Which of the following statements functions as the primary evidence supporting the author's main recommendation?

Passage:
During the early Levant Bronze Age, the transition from unalloyed copper to arsenical bronze marked a critical shift in regional metallurgy. Early smelting workshops relied on localized copper ores with variable arsenic impurity levels. Scholars initially hypothesized that early smiths deliberately added arsenic-rich minerals to enhance the metal's hardness. However, recent isotopic analyses of local slag heaps indicate that furnace temperatures were insufficient to volatilize arsenic from secondary mineral additives. Instead, the presence of arsenical copper in early artifacts corresponds directly to natural variations in the mineralogical composition of localized ore strata extracted across distinct mining phases.

Later in the period, the adoption of tin bronze necessitated long-distance trade networks, as usable tin deposits were entirely absent from the Levant. Unlike arsenical copper artifacts, which varied in composition according to local ore layers, tin bronze objects from this later phase display a highly uniform ratio of tin to copper across distant urban settlements. Archaeologists attribute this compositional standardization to the emergence of centralized municipal authorities that managed the procurement and distribution of imported tin. Consequently, while the composition of early arsenical copper was governed chiefly by regional geological variation, the consistent quality of later tin bronze depended on institutional mechanisms for managing external trade.

Based on the passage above, is the following statement True or False?

Statement: The contrast in compositional consistency between early arsenical copper artifacts and later tin bronze artifacts reflects a transition from metallurgical outcomes governed by localized geological variations to those regulated by centralized institutional distribution.

In marine archaeology, underwater sonar mapping has traditionally been restricted to shallow coastal waters because deep-sea acoustic signals decay rapidly. Recently, oceanographers developed low-frequency sonar transducers that transmit data across immense oceanic depths without significant signal degradation. Some archaeologists argue that this technological breakthrough will immediately render deep-sea robotic excavations obsolete. However, sonar mapping only identifies surface anomalies on the seabed rather than excavating buried artifacts. Therefore, deep-sea robotic submersibles will remain essential for underwater archaeological retrieval.

In the argument presented, what role does the claim that underwater sonar mapping has traditionally been restricted to shallow coastal waters play?

Historians of science often claim that the rapid adoption of early industrial machinery was driven primarily by shortages of skilled manual labor. However, recent archival evidence indicates that factory owners chose mechanized equipment largely to ensure standardized product quality rather than to cut labor headcount. Consequently, the traditional view oversimplifies the economic motivations behind nineteenth-century industrialization. Although early machines did occasionally reduce the need for specialized artisans, the primary financial incentive remained product uniformity.

In the argument above, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

An agricultural research team conducted a five-year study across 30 coffee-growing districts to investigate the relationship between shade-tree canopy coverage and outbreaks of coffee leaf rust, a devastating fungal disease. The researchers observed that farms maintaining a dense shade canopy (>50% coverage) experienced a 60% lower incidence of fungal rust compared to full-sun farms (<10% coverage). Based on these observational findings, the head researcher hypothesized that the dense canopy directly creates a microclimate that inhibits the germination of fungal rust spores. From the options provided, select the statement that most strongly strengthens the head researcher's causal hypothesis for Column 1, and select the statement that most strongly weakens the causal hypothesis by providing an alternative explanation for Column 2.

Passage:
In recent years, semiconductor foundries have increasingly relied on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography to print sub-seven-nanometer circuit patterns onto silicon wafers. However, EUV systems require mirrors coated with dozens of alternating layers of molybdenum and silicon, manufactured to atomic-level precision, to reflect light at a wavelength of 13.5 nanometers. Because these mirrors degrade quickly under intense ultraviolet exposure, foundries must replace them far more frequently than the optics used in older deep ultraviolet (DUV) systems. Despite these frequent replacements and the soaring operational costs associated with maintaining ultra-clean vacuum environments for EUV equipment, top-tier foundries have consistently reported higher net profit margins on EUV-fabricated chip batches than on DUV-fabricated batches of equivalent volume. Economists attribute this phenomenon to the significantly higher transistor density achieved via EUV lithography, which enables semiconductor designers to cram more processing power into smaller dies, allowing microchip vendors to command premium pricing that more than offsets the elevated capital and maintenance expenses borne by the foundries.

Statement: Based on the passage, the higher profit margins of EUV-fabricated chip batches depend on premium market pricing enabled by greater transistor density rather than lower maintenance overhead.

Dr. Vance: To protect rare historical manuscripts from ambient humidity, the central archive should immediately install industrial dehumidifiers. Just as sealed glass display cases preserve delicate oil paintings in museums by maintaining a rigid microclimate, controlling humidity across our entire facility will ensure the long-term survival of these paper artifacts.

Dr. Kim: However, sealed glass cases regulate tiny, enclosed volumes of air, whereas industrial dehumidifiers in vast facilities draw in variable external air, creating localized moisture spikes that accelerate paper warping.

Which of the following best describes the method of reasoning used by Dr. Kim in responding to Dr. Vance's proposal?

A fintech company implemented an automated peer-to-peer appreciation platform allowing employees to award micro-bonuses and commendations to colleagues in other departments. Over the following six months, cross-departmental dispute escalations submitted to executive management decreased by 35%. The HR analytics committee concluded that the appreciation platform directly caused the reduction in escalations by fostering cross-team goodwill.

Which of the following findings, if true, represent valid logical evaluations of the HR analytics committee's causal conclusion? Select TWO options: one statement that strongly STRENGTHENS the causal claim and one statement that provides a valid ALTERNATIVE CAUSAL EXPLANATION that weakens the claim.

[Tab 1: Commercial Lease Termination Policy]
Standard commercial leases require tenants to pay a base termination penalty of $30,000$ USD if cancelled prior to the lease expiration date. However, the base penalty is reduced by $50\%$ if the tenant provides at least $120$ days of advance written notice AND has maintained an active tenancy for at least $36$ consecutive months without any late rent payments.

[Tab 2: Penalty Exemptions & Fees]
Special Exception Clause E-4: If a lease is terminated due to corporate downsizing, the base termination penalty is waived entirely, provided that the tenant pays a administrative closing fee of $5,000$ USD and yields the premises in move-in condition. If Clause E-4 applies, all other penalty reductions or notices under Tab 1 are superseded and do not stack.

[Tab 3: Account Record - Vertex Solutions]
- Initial Lease Commencement: January 1, 2023
- Termination Notice Date: November 1, 2025 (Effective Termination Date: March 1, 2026)
- Reason for Termination: Corporate Downsizing under Clause E-4
- Payment History: $1$ late payment recorded in August 2024
- Premises Condition: Satisfactory (Move-in condition)

Statement to evaluate: Based on the policy guidelines and account record across all three tabs, Vertex Solutions is required to pay a final net termination charge of exactly $5,000$ USD to cancel its lease on March 1, 2026.

What is the sum of all real solutions to the equation $(x - 3)^2 = 4(x - 3)$?