Data Sufficiency

263 soru

Soru 61Soru

If xx is a real number, is x>0x > 0?

(1) x3x=0x^3 - x = 0 and x0x \neq 0
(2) x+2=x2|x + 2| = -x - 2

Which of the following choices correctly identifies the sufficiency of the statements?

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Cevap: Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
Statement (2) alone leads to x2x \le -2, which guarantees that xx cannot be positive. Hence, the question 'Is x>0x > 0?' receives a definitive 'No', making Statement (2) alone sufficient. Statement (1) allows xx to be either 11 (Yes) or 1-1 (No), making it insufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the target question type
The target is a Yes/No Data Sufficiency question: 'Is x>0x > 0?' A statement is sufficient if it yields a definitive 'Yes' (always true) OR a definitive 'No' (always false).
Understanding Yes/No Data Sufficiency structure prevents misinterpreting a definitive 'No' as insufficient.
2
Evaluate Statement (1) independently
x3x=0    x(x21)=0    x(x1)(x+1)=0x^3 - x = 0 \implies x(x^2 - 1) = 0 \implies x(x - 1)(x + 1) = 0. Given x0x \neq 0, x=1x = 1 or x=1x = -1.
If x=1x = 1, then x>0x > 0 is YES.
If x=1x = -1, then x>0x > 0 is NO.
Since we get both 'Yes' and 'No', Statement (1) is NOT sufficient.
A statement yielding contradictory answers to a Yes/No question is insufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2) independently
By absolute value rules, a=a|a| = -a holds if and only if a0a \le 0. Therefore, x+2=(x+2)    x+20    x2|x + 2| = -(x + 2) \implies x + 2 \le 0 \implies x \le -2.
If x2x \le -2, then xx is strictly negative. Therefore, the answer to 'Is x>0x > 0?' is ALWAYS NO.
Because Statement (2) yields a definitive 'No', Statement (2) ALONE IS SUFFICIENT.
In Data Sufficiency, a consistent and definitive 'No' response constitutes full sufficiency.

Anahtar Kavram

Yes/No Data Sufficiency Decision Logic: A definitive 'No' answer is just as sufficient as a definitive 'Yes' answer.
Soru 62Soru

In a GMAT Data Sufficiency question framed as a 'Yes/No' question (such as 'Is x>0x > 0?'), a statement that conclusively proves that the condition is always false (e.g., x<0x < 0) is classified as insufficient because it results in a negative response.

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Cevap: False

Cevap

The statement is false. In GMAT 'Yes/No' Data Sufficiency questions, any statement that yields a definitive 'Yes' or a definitive 'No' answer is sufficient.
The statement is false because in 'Yes/No' Data Sufficiency questions, sufficiency requires a single, deterministic answer. A statement that proves a condition is always false gives a definitive 'No' answer, which satisfies sufficiency requirements.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the core rule of 'Yes/No' Data Sufficiency questions.
A statement is sufficient if it yields a consistent 'Yes' across all cases OR a consistent 'No' across all cases.
Data Sufficiency measures whether a question can be answered deterministically with the given information.
2
Evaluate the outcome of proving x<0x < 0 for the question 'Is x>0x > 0?'.
The answer to 'Is x>0x > 0?' is conclusively 'No'.
Since x<0x < 0 guarantees xx is not greater than 00, there is zero ambiguity.
3
Determine sufficiency status based on decision logic.
Because the outcome is a definitive 'No', the statement is sufficient.
Insufficiency only occurs when a statement permits both 'Yes' and 'No' possibilities (a 'Maybe').

Anahtar Kavram

Definitive Yes/No Sufficiency in Data Sufficiency
Soru 63Soru

If xx and yy are non-zero real numbers, is xy+yx<2\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x} < 2?

(1) (x+y)2>x2+y2(x + y)^2 > x^2 + y^2
(2) x3y2<0x^3 y^2 < 0

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Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient to answer the question with a definitive 'No', but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The correct answer identifies that Statement (1) provides sufficient information by demonstrating that the expression is always greater than or equal to 2, yielding a definitive 'No' to the question stem. Statement (2) leaves the sign of one variable unspecified, allowing both 'Yes' and 'No' answers, making it insufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem using algebraic identities.
For any non-zero real numbers xx and yy, xy+yx=x2+y2xy\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x} = \frac{x^2 + y^2}{xy}. Note that (xy)2=x22xy+y20(x - y)^2 = x^2 - 2xy + y^2 \ge 0, which implies x2+y22xyx^2 + y^2 \ge 2xy. If xy>0xy > 0, dividing by xyxy gives x2+y2xy2\frac{x^2 + y^2}{xy} \ge 2 (so the inequality is FALSE, answer NO). If xy<0xy < 0, then xy<0\frac{x}{y} < 0 and yx<0\frac{y}{x} < 0, making their sum negative and thus strictly less than 2 (answer YES). Therefore, determining whether xy>0xy > 0 or xy<0xy < 0 answers the Yes/No question.
Simplifying the target expression establishes the exact algebraic condition (xy>0xy > 0 vs xy<0xy < 0) needed to answer the question.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): (x+y)2>x2+y2(x + y)^2 > x^2 + y^2.
Expanding the left side yields x2+2xy+y2>x2+y2x^2 + 2xy + y^2 > x^2 + y^2, which simplifies to 2xy>02xy > 0, or xy>0xy > 0. As shown in Step 1, when xy>0xy > 0, xy+yx2\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x} \ge 2, meaning the expression is NEVER less than 2. This gives a definitive answer of 'NO' to the stem question.
In GMAT Data Sufficiency Yes/No questions, a statement that establishes a definitive 'NO' is fully SUFFICIENT.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): x3y2<0x^3 y^2 < 0.
Since y0y \neq 0, y2>0y^2 > 0 for all real yy. Dividing by y2y^2 yields x3<0x^3 < 0, which means x<0x < 0. However, Statement (2) provides no information about the sign of yy. If y<0y < 0, then xy>0xy > 0 and the answer is 'NO'. If y>0y > 0, then xy<0xy < 0 and the answer is 'YES'. Since both 'YES' and 'NO' are possible, Statement (2) is NOT sufficient.
A statement that permits both 'Yes' and 'No' outcomes fails to provide a conclusive determination.

Anahtar Kavram

In Yes/No Data Sufficiency questions, sufficiency requires a consistent, definitive answer—either a guaranteed 'Yes' or a guaranteed 'No'. Proving that a statement is conclusively 'No' satisfies sufficiency.
Soru 64Soru

If aa and bb are real numbers, is a+b>0a + b > 0?

(1) a<2a < -2 and b<3b < -3
(2) ab>0ab > 0

Which of the following choices correctly describes the sufficiency of the statements to answer the question?

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Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The correct choice states that Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. Statement (1) leads to a+b<5a + b < -5, which guarantees that a+ba + b cannot be positive. Because it provides a single, conclusive 'No' answer to the question stem, Statement (1) is sufficient on its own. Statement (2) allows aa and bb to both be positive or both be negative, producing both 'Yes' and 'No' outcomes, so it is not sufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Understand the Data Sufficiency target.
The target question is a Yes/No question asking whether a+b>0a + b > 0. A statement is sufficient if it yields a consistent 'Yes' OR a consistent 'No'.
In Yes/No Data Sufficiency, a definitive 'No' is just as sufficient as a definitive 'Yes'.
2
Evaluate Statement (1) independently.
Statement (1) gives a<2a < -2 and b<3b < -3. Adding the two inequalities gives a+b<5a + b < -5. Since a+ba + b is strictly less than 5-5, a+ba + b can never be greater than 00.
This yields a definitive 'No' to the question 'Is a+b>0a + b > 0?'. Therefore, Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2) independently.
Statement (2) gives ab>0ab > 0, meaning aa and bb share the same sign.
- If a=2a = 2 and b=3b = 3, then a+b=5>0a + b = 5 > 0 (Answer: Yes).
- If a=2a = -2 and b=3b = -3, then a+b=50a + b = -5 \ngtr 0 (Answer: No).
Since Statement (2) can yield both 'Yes' and 'No', Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Definitive Yes/No Data Sufficiency Decision Logic
Soru 65Soru

If kk is a real number, is k<4|k| < 4?

(1) k>3k > -3
(2) k<3k < 3

Which of the following describes the sufficiency of the statements?

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Cevap: BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Cevap

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Rephrasing k<4|k| < 4 gives 4<k<4-4 < k < 4. Neither statement alone provides both an upper and lower bound. However, combining Statement (1) (k>3k > -3) and Statement (2) (k<3k < 3) establishes 3<k<3-3 < k < 3. Because the interval (3,3)(-3, 3) is entirely contained inside (4,4)(-4, 4), any value of kk satisfying both statements guarantees k<4|k| < 4. Thus, both statements together are sufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem target
The target inequality k<4|k| < 4 is equivalent to 4<k<4-4 < k < 4. The question asks whether kk lies strictly inside the range (4,4)(-4, 4).
Simplifying an absolute value inequality into a compound inequality clarifies the exact target range.
2
Evaluate Statement (1) independently
Statement (1) specifies k>3k > -3. If k=0k = 0, then 0=0<4|0| = 0 < 4 (Yes). If k=5k = 5, then 5=54|5| = 5 \not< 4 (No).
Since Statement (1) yields both 'Yes' and 'No' answers, it is insufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2) independently
Statement (2) specifies k<3k < 3. If k=0k = 0, then 0=0<4|0| = 0 < 4 (Yes). If k=5k = -5, then 5=54|-5| = 5 \not< 4 (No).
Since Statement (2) yields both 'Yes' and 'No' answers, it is insufficient.
4
Evaluate Statements (1) and (2) combined
Combining k>3k > -3 and k<3k < 3 gives 3<k<3-3 < k < 3. Any value of kk in (3,3)(-3, 3) automatically falls within (4,4)(-4, 4), yielding a definitive 'Yes' to k<4|k| < 4.
The interval (3,3)(-3, 3) is a complete subset of (4,4)(-4, 4), making the combined information sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Absolute Value Range Simplification and Subset Verification in Data Sufficiency
Soru 66Soru

If xx is a positive integer, is x21x^2 - 1 divisible by 8?

(1) xx is an odd integer.
(2) x=2kx = 2k for some integer kk.

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Cevap: EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

Cevap

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
The correct choice indicates that each statement alone is sufficient. Statement (1) proves x21x^2 - 1 is always a multiple of 8 (a definitive 'Yes'), while Statement (2) proves x21x^2 - 1 is an odd integer and thus never a multiple of 8 (a definitive 'No'). Because both statements independently yield conclusive answers to the Yes/No question, each statement alone is sufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem target algebraically
The target is whether x21=(x1)(x+1)x^2 - 1 = (x - 1)(x + 1) is divisible by 8 for positive integer xx.
Factoring the expression reveals the product of consecutive even integers when xx is odd.
2
Evaluate Statement (1) independently
If xx is odd, let x=2m+1x = 2m + 1 for some non-negative integer mm. Then x21=(2m+1)21=4m2+4m=4m(m+1)x^2 - 1 = (2m + 1)^2 - 1 = 4m^2 + 4m = 4m(m + 1). Since m(m+1)m(m + 1) is the product of two consecutive integers, it is always even, so m(m+1)=2pm(m + 1) = 2p. Thus 4m(m+1)=8p4m(m + 1) = 8p, which is always divisible by 8. Statement (1) provides a definitive 'Yes'. Statement (1) is SUFFICIENT.
A statement that consistently yields a 'Yes' answer to a Yes/No DS question is sufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2) independently
If x=2kx = 2k for some integer kk, xx is an even integer. If xx is even, x2x^2 is even, which means x21x^2 - 1 is an odd integer. An odd integer can never be divisible by 8. Statement (2) provides a definitive 'No'. Statement (2) is SUFFICIENT.
In Yes/No Data Sufficiency, a statement that consistently yields a definitive 'No' is sufficient.
4
Synthesize the results from both statements
Since Statement (1) alone is sufficient and Statement (2) alone is sufficient, the correct option is the choice stating each statement alone is sufficient.
Both statements independently answer the stem question definitively.

Anahtar Kavram

In Yes/No Data Sufficiency, sufficiency requires a definitive, consistent answer ('Yes' for all cases OR 'No' for all cases). A statement yielding a consistent 'No' is fully sufficient.
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 67Soru

In GMAT Data Sufficiency, if a statement evaluated in a Yes/No question type yields a definitive 'No' for every possible case satisfying the statement, that statement must be classified as insufficient because the answer to the question stem is negative.

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Cevap: False

Cevap

False
The statement is false because Data Sufficiency logic classifies any statement as sufficient if it yields a single, definitive answer to the question stem. Whether that answer is 'Yes' or 'No' is irrelevant to sufficiency; both provide complete conclusive proof.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the core rule for sufficiency in Yes/No GMAT Data Sufficiency questions.
A statement is sufficient if it yields a unique binary response (always 'Yes' or always 'No').
Data Sufficiency measures determinacy, not whether the resulting answer is positive or negative.
2
Evaluate the condition where a statement yields a consistent 'No'.
If all valid values under the statement result in 'No', the answer to the stem is conclusively known.
A consistent 'No' leaves no ambiguity regarding the answer to the question.
3
Compare with the claim in the prompt statement.
The claim incorrectly asserts that a negative ('No') answer renders a statement insufficient.
This represents a classic Data Sufficiency misconception; a definitive 'No' is fully sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Yes/No Data Sufficiency Decision Logic
Soru 68Soru

If kk is a real number, is k>0k > 0?

(1) k2+5k+6=0k^2 + 5k + 6 = 0
(2) k=2|k| = 2

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Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The correct option states that Statement (1) alone is sufficient while Statement (2) alone is not. Factoring Statement (1) yields k=2k = -2 or k=3k = -3. Since both values are negative, we can definitively answer 'No' to whether k>0k > 0, making Statement (1) sufficient. In contrast, Statement (2) yields k=2k = 2 or k=2k = -2, giving both 'Yes' and 'No' as possible outcomes, which makes Statement (2) insufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the question stem to identify the target logic
The target is a Yes/No question: 'Is k>0k > 0?' A statement is sufficient if it yields a definitive 'Yes' OR a definitive 'No'.
In Data Sufficiency Yes/No questions, a consistent negative answer is completely sufficient.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): k2+5k+6=0k^2 + 5k + 6 = 0
Factoring gives (k+2)(k+3)=0(k + 2)(k + 3) = 0, so k=2k = -2 or k=3k = -3. In either case, kk is not greater than 0. The answer to 'Is k>0k > 0?' is a definitive 'No'.
Since every possible value of kk yields the answer 'No', Statement (1) is ALONE sufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): k=2|k| = 2
Solving gives k=2k = 2 or k=2k = -2. If k=2k = 2, the answer is 'Yes'. If k=2k = -2, the answer is 'No'.
Because Statement (2) allows both 'Yes' and 'No' answers, it is NOT sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Value vs. Yes/No Data Sufficiency Decision Logic
Soru 69Soru

In a GMAT Data Sufficiency 'Yes/No' question, if a statement allows multiple possible numerical values for a variable, but every permitted value yields a consistent 'Yes' answer to the question stem, that statement must be declared insufficient because it fails to determine a single unique value for the variable.

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Cevap: False

Cevap

The statement is False.
The correct evaluation is False. In GMAT Data Sufficiency, a 'Yes/No' question requires only that a statement produces a single, consistent binary answer (always 'Yes' or always 'No'). Even if a statement allows a variable to take on multiple values, the statement is completely sufficient if every one of those values leads to an identical 'Yes' outcome. Requiring a single unique numerical value is the benchmark for 'Value' questions, not 'Yes/No' questions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the question type being described.
The statement concerns a 'Yes/No' Data Sufficiency question.
GMAT Data Sufficiency questions are divided into 'Value' questions and 'Yes/No' questions.
2
Recall the sufficiency criteria for 'Yes/No' Data Sufficiency questions.
A statement is sufficient if it yields a definitive 'Yes' or a definitive 'No'.
A single unique numerical value is required only for 'Value' questions, not for 'Yes/No' questions.
3
Evaluate whether multiple variable values yielding a consistent 'Yes' result in sufficiency.
Since every permitted value leads to a consistent 'Yes', the question stem is answered conclusively, making the statement sufficient.
Failing to narrow a variable down to a single value is irrelevant in a Yes/No question if all valid values yield the same binary outcome.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinction between sufficiency criteria for Value vs. Yes/No Data Sufficiency questions
Tahmini Süre:45s
Soru 70Soru

In a GMAT Data Sufficiency 'Value' question asking for the numerical value of an expression EE, if a statement allows multiple distinct numerical values for a variable xx, but every permitted value of xx yields the exact same unique numerical value for EE, the statement is sufficient to answer the question.

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Cevap: True

Cevap

The statement is True.
The statement is True because Data Sufficiency 'Value' questions only require a single, unique value for the specific expression requested in the question stem. Even if an underlying variable xx can take on multiple values, if all of those values produce identical results for expression EE, the question stem is answered conclusively.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the target of the Data Sufficiency question.
The target is the numerical value of the specific expression EE, not the isolated value of variable xx.
Data Sufficiency decision logic evaluates sufficiency based on whether the specific question asked in the stem can be answered uniquely.
2
Evaluate the impact of multiple possible values for variable xx.
Variable xx can take multiple values (e.g., x=2x = 2 and x=2x = -2).
We must test whether variations in xx cause variations in the target expression EE.
3
Determine if EE yields a single unique output across all permitted values of xx.
All permitted values of xx yield the exact same numerical result for EE.
Since EE is constrained to exactly one value regardless of which permitted value xx takes, there is no ambiguity regarding the target output.
4
Conclude the sufficiency status under GMAT DS rules.
The statement is sufficient.
Obtaining a single unique value for the target expression satisfies the strict criteria for sufficiency in a Value DS question.

Anahtar Kavram

Target Expression Uniqueness vs. Variable Uniqueness in Value Data Sufficiency
Soru 71Soru

If xx and yy are real numbers such that x0x \neq 0, is x<y|x| < y?

(1) x2<y2x^2 < y^2
(2) y>0y > 0

Which of the following correctly describes the sufficiency of the statements?

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Cevap: BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Cevap

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Combining both statements is sufficient. Statement (1) establishes that x<y|x| < |y| because taking the square root of x2<y2x^2 < y^2 yields absolute values. Statement (2) specifies y>0y > 0, meaning y=y|y| = y. Substituting yy for y|y| gives x<y|x| < y, which conclusively answers the question stem with 'Yes'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the target question
The target question asks whether x<y|x| < y. Since x0|x| \ge 0 for all real numbers xx, a necessary condition for x<y|x| < y to be true is y>0y > 0.
Simplifying absolute value conditions clarifies what values of variables are required.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): x2<y2x^2 < y^2
Taking the principal square root of both sides gives x2<y2\sqrt{x^2} < \sqrt{y^2}, which simplifies to x<y|x| < |y|.
The square root of a squared real number is its absolute value.
3
Test sufficiency of Statement (1) alone
If x=1x = 1 and y=2y = 2, then 12<221^2 < 2^2 is true, and 1<2|1| < 2 (Yes). If x=1x = 1 and y=2y = -2, then 12<(2)21^2 < (-2)^2 is true, but 1<2|1| < -2 is false (No). Since both Yes and No are possible, Statement (1) alone is NOT sufficient.
Knowing x<y|x| < |y| does not determine the sign of yy.
4
Evaluate Statement (2): y>0y > 0
Statement (2) gives no information about xx. For example, if y=5y = 5 and x=2x = 2, 2<5|2| < 5 (Yes). If y=5y = 5 and x=10x = 10, 10<5|10| < 5 is false (No). Thus Statement (2) alone is NOT sufficient.
No bound on xx is provided.
5
Evaluate Statements (1) and (2) together
From Statement (1), x<y|x| < |y|. From Statement (2), y>0y > 0, which implies y=y|y| = y. Substituting y=y|y| = y into x<y|x| < |y| gives x<y|x| < y. This definitively answers 'Yes' to the question stem.
Combining the magnitude inequality with the sign constraint produces a unique, definitive Yes answer.

Anahtar Kavram

Absolute Value Inequalities and Number Ranges in Data Sufficiency
Soru 72Soru

If kk is a real number, is k3>kk^3 > k?

(1) k2k<0k^2 - k < 0
(2) k2>1k^2 > 1

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Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The option stating that Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient is correct because Statement (1) restricts kk to the interval (0,1)(0, 1), where k3k^3 is strictly less than kk, giving a definitive 'No' to the stem question. A statement that yields a consistent 'No' is sufficient in GMAT Data Sufficiency. Statement (2) permits values both greater than 1 (where the answer is Yes) and less than -1 (where the answer is No), making it insufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem algebraically.
The question asks whether k3k>0k^3 - k > 0, which factors into k(k1)(k+1)>0k(k - 1)(k + 1) > 0.
Simplifying the stem establishes the exact sign behavior of the expression across different intervals of kk.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): k2k<0k^2 - k < 0.
Factoring yields k(k1)<0k(k - 1) < 0, which means 0<k<10 < k < 1. For any kk in (0,1)(0, 1), k>0k > 0, (k1)<0(k - 1) < 0, and (k+1)>0(k + 1) > 0. The product k(k1)(k+1)k(k - 1)(k + 1) is (positive) × (negative) × (positive) = negative. Thus, k3<kk^3 < k for all k(0,1)k \in (0, 1). The answer to 'Is k3>kk^3 > k?' is a definitive NO.
In GMAT Data Sufficiency Yes/No structure logic, a statement that guarantees a definitive 'No' answer for all permissible values is SUFFICIENT.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): k2>1k^2 > 1.
Solving the inequality gives k>1k > 1 or k<1k < -1. If k=2k = 2, k3=8>2k^3 = 8 > 2 (Answer: YES). If k=2k = -2, k3=8k^3 = -8 and k=2k = -2, so 8>2-8 > -2 is FALSE (Answer: NO). Because Statement (2) allows both YES and NO outcomes, it is INSUFFICIENT.
A statement that yields conflicting Yes and No answers depending on the chosen value within its domain is insufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Value vs. Yes/No Data Sufficiency Decision Logic: Definitive 'No' Sufficiency
Soru 73Soru

If xx is a real number, is x2<3|x - 2| < 3?

(1) x24x+3<0x^2 - 4x + 3 < 0
(2) x<4|x| < 4

Which of the options correctly describes the sufficiency of the statements?

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Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The correct answer specifies that Statement (1) alone is sufficient while Statement (2) alone is not. Rephrasing the question stem shows that x2<3|x - 2| < 3 is equivalent to 1<x<5-1 < x < 5. Statement (1) yields 1<x<31 < x < 3, which lies entirely inside (1,5)(-1, 5), guaranteeing a 'Yes' answer. Statement (2) yields 4<x<4-4 < x < 4, which allows values outside (1,5)(-1, 5) (such as x=2x = -2, giving 'No') as well as values inside (such as x=0x = 0, giving 'Yes'), so it is not sufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the target question stem algebraically.
The inequality x2<3|x - 2| < 3 is equivalent to 3<x2<3-3 < x - 2 < 3, which simplifies to 1<x<5-1 < x < 5. The question asks: Is xx strictly between 1-1 and 55?
Simplifying the target inequality establishes the exact boundary values needed for evaluation.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): x24x+3<0x^2 - 4x + 3 < 0.
Factoring the quadratic gives (x1)(x3)<0(x - 1)(x - 3) < 0, which holds when 1<x<31 < x < 3.
Since the interval (1,3)(1, 3) is entirely contained within the target range (1,5)(-1, 5), every value of xx satisfying Statement (1) results in a definitive 'Yes' to the question. Thus, Statement (1) is sufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): x<4|x| < 4.
This absolute value inequality simplifies to 4<x<4-4 < x < 4.
If x=0x = 0, then 1<0<5-1 < 0 < 5 is True ('Yes'). If x=2x = -2, then 1<2<5-1 < -2 < 5 is False ('No'). Because Statement (2) allows both 'Yes' and 'No' outcomes, Statement (2) is not sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Inequalities, Absolute Values, and Number Ranges in Data Sufficiency
Soru 74Soru

In a GMAT Data Sufficiency 'Yes/No' question, if a statement allows us to establish conclusively that the answer to the question stem is 'No' under all permissible conditions, that statement is deemed insufficient because the outcome is negative.

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Cevap: False

Cevap

The statement is False. In GMAT Data Sufficiency, a statement that leads conclusively to a 'No' answer is sufficient.
The claim is false because sufficiency in GMAT Data Sufficiency Yes/No questions is defined by certainty, not by a positive outcome. A statement that proves a condition is always false produces a definitive 'No', which fulfills the requirement for sufficiency. Insufficiency occurs exclusively when a statement is ambiguous (i.e., yields 'Yes' under some cases and 'No' under others).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Define sufficiency for a GMAT Data Sufficiency 'Yes/No' question
A statement is sufficient if it yields a single definitive answer (always 'Yes' or always 'No').
Data Sufficiency tests whether a conclusive determination can be made from the given information.
2
Evaluate the condition described in the prompt
The statement guarantees that the answer to the question stem is 'No' in 100% of cases.
Since there are no cases yielding a 'Yes', the outcome is consistent and unambiguous.
3
Compare the evaluated condition against the claim in the stem
The claim states that a definitive 'No' makes the statement insufficient, which contradicts Data Sufficiency rules.
Insufficiency occurs only when a statement allows both 'Yes' and 'No' outcomes (a 'Maybe').

Anahtar Kavram

Definitive Yes/No Sufficiency Rule
Soru 75Soru

If aa and bb are non-zero real numbers, is a+b<a+b|a + b| < |a| + |b|?

(1) a3b2<0a^3 b^2 < 0
(2) ab>a+b|a - b| > |a + b|

Which of the following describes the sufficiency of the statements?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
The correct response identifies that statement (2) alone provides enough information to answer the question, whereas statement (1) does not. Rephrasing the stem a+b<a+b|a + b| < |a| + |b| reveals it is true if and only if aa and bb have opposite signs (ab<0ab < 0). Statement (1) only confirms that a<0a < 0, leaving the sign of bb unknown. Statement (2) can be squared to yield ab<0ab < 0, which conclusively answers the question with a 'Yes'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem
The inequality a+b<a+b|a + b| < |a| + |b| holds if and only if aa and bb have opposite signs (i.e., ab<0ab < 0). If aa and bb have the same sign or if either is zero, a+b=a+b|a + b| = |a| + |b|. Thus, the target question is: 'Is ab<0ab < 0?'
Simplifying absolute value properties reduces the stem to a straightforward sign comparison.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): a3b2<0a^3 b^2 < 0
Since b0b \neq 0, b2>0b^2 > 0 for all real numbers. Thus, a3b2<0a^3 b^2 < 0 implies a3<0a^3 < 0, which means a<0a < 0. However, bb can be either positive or negative. If b>0b > 0, then ab<0ab < 0 (YES). If b<0b < 0, then ab>0ab > 0 (NO).
Since statement (1) allows both a YES and a NO answer, Statement (1) ALONE is NOT sufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): ab>a+b|a - b| > |a + b|
Square both sides (valid since both sides are non-negative): (ab)2>(a+b)2    a22ab+b2>a2+2ab+b2    2ab>2ab    4ab<0    ab<0(a - b)^2 > (a + b)^2 \implies a^2 - 2ab + b^2 > a^2 + 2ab + b^2 \implies -2ab > 2ab \implies 4ab < 0 \implies ab < 0.
Statement (2) directly proves that ab<0ab < 0, yielding a definitive YES to the question stem. Thus, Statement (2) ALONE is SUFFICIENT.

Anahtar Kavram

Absolute Value Distance and Sign Properties
Soru 76Soru

If mm and nn are real numbers such that mn0mn \neq 0, is m+nm>1\frac{|m + n|}{m} > 1?

(1) m<0m < 0

(2) n>2mn > 2|m|

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The option stating that Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient is correct. For Statement (1), since m<0m < 0 and the absolute value m+n|m + n| is always non-negative, the quotient m+nm\frac{|m + n|}{m} is non-positive (0\le 0). Therefore, it can never be greater than 1, giving a definitive 'No' to the question stem, which makes Statement (1) sufficient. For Statement (2), mm can be positive (yielding a 'Yes') or negative (yielding a 'No'), making Statement (2) insufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the target question stem and constraints.
The absolute value m+n|m + n| is always non-negative (m+n0|m + n| \ge 0). The target asks whether m+nm>1\frac{|m + n|}{m} > 1.
Establishing the properties of the numerator and denominator helps simplify the condition.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): m<0m < 0.
Since m+n0|m + n| \ge 0 and m<0m < 0, dividing a non-negative number by a negative number yields a result that is less than or equal to 0 (m+nm0\frac{|m + n|}{m} \le 0). Thus, the expression can never be greater than 1, yielding a definitive 'No'.
A definitive 'No' answer means Statement (1) alone IS SUFFICIENT.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): n>2mn > 2|m|.
Since 2m>02|m| > 0, nn must be positive. Test cases for mm:
- Case 2a: If m=1m = 1, then n>2n > 2. Let n=3n = 3. Then 1+31=4>1\frac{|1 + 3|}{1} = 4 > 1 (Answer: YES).
- Case 2b: If m=1m = -1, then n>2(1)=2n > 2(1) = 2. Let n=3n = 3. Then 1+31=21=21\frac{|-1 + 3|}{-1} = \frac{2}{-1} = -2 \ngtr 1 (Answer: NO).
Since both 'Yes' and 'No' are possible, Statement (2) alone is NOT SUFFICIENT.
Testing cases with positive and negative values of mm shows that Statement (2) does not yield a unique answer.

Anahtar Kavram

Data Sufficiency Yes/No Decision Logic with Signed Denominator and Absolute Value Properties
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 77Soru

If xx and yy are non-zero real numbers, is xy>0\frac{x}{y} > 0?

(1) x+y<xy|x + y| < |x - y|
(2) x2y+xy2<0x^2 y + x y^2 < 0

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The option stating that Statement (1) alone is sufficient while Statement (2) alone is not sufficient is correct. Statement (1) simplifies to xy<0xy < 0, which proves conclusively that xy\frac{x}{y} is negative. Thus, the answer to the question 'Is xy>0\frac{x}{y} > 0?' is a definitive 'No', which makes Statement (1) sufficient. Statement (2) simplifies to xy(x+y)<0xy(x + y) < 0, which permits scenarios where xy>0xy > 0 as well as scenarios where xy<0xy < 0, rendering Statement (2) insufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem target.
The expression xy>0\frac{x}{y} > 0 is true if and only if xx and yy have the same sign, which means xy>0xy > 0. The question asks: Is xy>0xy > 0?
Converting division of signed variables into product sign simplifies algebraic evaluation.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): x+y<xy|x + y| < |x - y|.
Squaring both sides yields (x+y)2<(xy)2    x2+2xy+y2<x22xy+y2    4xy<0    xy<0(x + y)^2 < (x - y)^2 \implies x^2 + 2xy + y^2 < x^2 - 2xy + y^2 \implies 4xy < 0 \implies xy < 0.
Since xy<0xy < 0, xy\frac{x}{y} MUST be negative, so the answer to 'Is xy>0\frac{x}{y} > 0?' is a definitive 'NO'.
3
Apply Yes/No Data Sufficiency logic to Statement (1).
A statement that yields a definitive 'No' to a Yes/No question is SUFFICIENT.
Sufficiency in a Yes/No question requires a conclusive YES or a conclusive NO; ambiguity is the only cause for insufficiency.
4
Evaluate Statement (2): x2y+xy2<0x^2 y + x y^2 < 0.
Factor out xyxy to get xy(x+y)<0xy(x + y) < 0. Case A: If x=2x = -2 and y=3y = -3, then xy=6>0xy = 6 > 0 and x+y=5<0x+y = -5 < 0, giving 6(5)=30<06(-5) = -30 < 0 (Answer: YES). Case B: If x=5x = 5 and y=2y = -2, then xy=10<0xy = -10 < 0 and x+y=3>0x+y = 3 > 0, giving 10(3)=30<0-10(3) = -30 < 0 (Answer: NO).
Because Statement (2) allows both a YES and a NO response, Statement (2) alone is NOT sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Definitive Yes/No Decision Logic in Data Sufficiency
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 78Soru

In a GMAT Data Sufficiency question asking whether the real number xx is positive, a statement that uniquely restricts xx to the set {3,1}\{-3, -1\} is sufficient to answer the question.

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Cevap: True

Cevap

True. In Yes/No Data Sufficiency questions, a statement is sufficient if it determines a conclusive 'Yes' or 'No'. Because all possible values of xx (3-3 and 1-1) produce a definitive 'No' to whether xx is positive, the statement is sufficient.
The statement is true because in a Yes/No Data Sufficiency framework, sufficiency requires only a single definitive answer ('Yes' or 'No'). Since all candidate values in the set {3,1}\{-3, -1\} are strictly negative, the question 'Is xx positive?' receives a definitive 'No' answer in every case.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the decision structure of the question stem.
The target question stem asks 'Is x>0x > 0?', which is a Yes/No Data Sufficiency structure.
Determining whether a question stem requires a single numerical value (Value structure) or a definitive binary answer (Yes/No structure) dictates the criteria for sufficiency.
2
Evaluate the answer to the stem under all permissible values from the statement.
If x=3x = -3, x>0x > 0 is False ('No'). If x=1x = -1, x>0x > 0 is False ('No').
Check if every allowed case produces the exact same binary outcome.
3
Apply Data Sufficiency criteria for Yes/No questions.
Because every permissible value leads to a single, unambiguous answer of 'No', the statement provides sufficient information.
A definitive 'No' establishes sufficiency just as effectively as a definitive 'Yes'.

Anahtar Kavram

Value vs. Yes/No Data Sufficiency Decision Logic
Soru 79Soru

If rr and ss are real numbers, is rs<srr|s| < s|r|?

(1) rs<0rs < 0
(2) r+s>rsr + s > |r - s|

Which of the following options correctly describes the sufficiency of the statements?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
The choice stating that Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient while Statement (1) alone is not sufficient is correct. Rephrased, rs<srr|s| < s|r| is true only when r<0r < 0 and s>0s > 0. Statement (1) allows rr to be positive while ss is negative, yielding a 'No', as well as rr negative while ss is positive, yielding a 'Yes', so it is insufficient. Statement (2) simplifies algebraically to rs>0rs > 0 and r+s>0r + s > 0, which guarantees both numbers are positive. When both numbers are positive, rs<srr|s| < s|r| reduces to rs<rsrs < rs, which is false. Because Statement (2) yields a definitive 'No', it is sufficient on its own.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem target
The inequality rs<srr|s| < s|r| holds if and only if r<0r < 0 and s>0s > 0.
If rr and ss have the same sign or either is zero, rs=srr|s| = s|r|, making the strict inequality false. If r>0r > 0 and s<0s < 0, rs=rsr|s| = -rs and sr=rss|r| = -rs, making both sides equal. Only when r<0r < 0 and s>0s > 0 does rs=rs<0r|s| = rs < 0 and sr=rs>0s|r| = -rs > 0, which makes the inequality true.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): rs<0rs < 0
Statement (1) is NOT sufficient.
This condition means rr and ss have opposite signs. Case 1: If r=2r = -2 and s=3s = 3, then r<0r < 0 and s>0s > 0, so the answer is YES. Case 2: If r=3r = 3 and s=2s = -2, then r>0r > 0 and s<0s < 0, so the answer is NO. Since both YES and NO are possible, Statement (1) is insufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): r+s>rsr + s > |r - s|
Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient.
Since rs0|r - s| \ge 0, we have r+s>0r + s > 0. Squaring both positive sides gives (r+s)2>(rs)2    r2+2rs+s2>r22rs+s2    4rs>0    rs>0(r + s)^2 > (r - s)^2 \implies r^2 + 2rs + s^2 > r^2 - 2rs + s^2 \implies 4rs > 0 \implies rs > 0. Since rs>0rs > 0 and r+s>0r + s > 0, both rr and ss must be positive. If r>0r > 0 and s>0s > 0, then rs=rsr|s| = rs and sr=rss|r| = rs, so rs<srr|s| < s|r| simplifies to rs<rsrs < rs, which is FALSE. This gives a definitive NO to the question, making Statement (2) sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Data Sufficiency Yes/No Decision Logic with Absolute Value Inequalities
Soru 80Soru

If pp and qq are non-zero real numbers, is p+q>pq|p + q| > |p - q|?

(1) p+2q<p2q|p + 2q| < |p - 2q|
(2) pq>0p - q > 0

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Cevap

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
The correct response identifies Statement (1) as sufficient and Statement (2) as insufficient. Rephrasing the question stem by squaring both sides of p+q>pq|p + q| > |p - q| yields 4pq>04pq > 0, or pq>0pq > 0. Statement (1) expands and simplifies to 8pq<08pq < 0, meaning pq<0pq < 0. This provides a definitive 'No' answer to the question 'Is pq>0pq > 0?', which constitutes full sufficiency. Statement (2) merely tells us p>qp > q, which permits pp and qq to both be positive (pq>0pq > 0) or to have opposite signs (pq<0pq < 0), rendering Statement (2) insufficient.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rephrase the question stem target geometrically or algebraically.
Squaring both non-negative sides of p+q>pq|p + q| > |p - q| gives (p+q)2>(pq)2    p2+2pq+q2>p22pq+q2    4pq>0    pq>0(p + q)^2 > (p - q)^2 \implies p^2 + 2pq + q^2 > p^2 - 2pq + q^2 \implies 4pq > 0 \implies pq > 0. The question asks: Is pq>0pq > 0?
Simplifying the question stem simplifies evaluation of both statements by focusing on whether pp and qq have the same sign.
2
Evaluate Statement (1): p+2q<p2q|p + 2q| < |p - 2q|.
Squaring both non-negative sides gives (p+2q)2<(p2q)2    p2+4pq+4q2<p24pq+4q2    8pq<0    pq<0(p + 2q)^2 < (p - 2q)^2 \implies p^2 + 4pq + 4q^2 < p^2 - 4pq + 4q^2 \implies 8pq < 0 \implies pq < 0.
Since pq<0pq < 0, we can answer the rephrased target question ('Is pq>0pq > 0?') with a definitive 'NO'. In Data Sufficiency, a definitive 'No' means the statement is sufficient.
3
Evaluate Statement (2): pq>0p - q > 0.
If p=3p = 3 and q=1q = 1, then pq=2>0p - q = 2 > 0 and pq=3>0pq = 3 > 0 (Yes). If p=1p = 1 and q=2q = -2, then pq=3>0p - q = 3 > 0 and pq=2<0pq = -2 < 0 (No).
Because Statement (2) allows both 'Yes' and 'No' outcomes, it is not sufficient.

Anahtar Kavram

Rephrasing absolute value distance inequalities and recognizing that a definitive 'No' response in Yes/No Data Sufficiency constitutes sufficiency.
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Data Sufficiency Alıştırma Soruları — GMAT — Sayfa 4 | Examkin