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In his 1821 monograph on alpine geology, Swiss engineer Ignaz Venetz argued that colossal, erratically positioned granite boulders across the Swiss Jura mountains were deposited not by biblical floods, as was commonly maintained by contemporary geologists, but by vastly expanded prehistoric glaciers. Venetz grounded his hypothesis on meticulous observations of glacial moraines and striations on bedrock, noting that ice sheet expansion requires prolonged climate cooling. Though initially dismissed by the academic establishment, his findings persuaded naturalist Jean de Charpentier in 1834 to conduct further field mapping in the Rhône valley. Charpentier documented that these granite erratics possessed sharp, un-eroded edges—a physical characteristic incompatible with high-energy aqueous transport, which would have rounded rock surfaces through attrition. Consequently, Charpentier concluded that ice transport was the sole mechanism capable of transporting massive intact blocks over long distances without mechanical smoothing.

Based on the passage, which of the following statements regarding the granite erratics in the Swiss Jura mountains is/are explicitly supported by the text?

  1. They exhibited sharp, un-worn edges that were inconsistent with transport by water.Cevap
  2. B
    Their displacement across the region was facilitated by a prolonged period of climate warming.
  3. Their presence was attributed to biblical deluges by many geologists of the period.Cevap

Cevap

The statement regarding un-worn edges being inconsistent with water transport and the statement regarding contemporary geologists attributing their placement to biblical floods are both explicitly supported by the passage.
The passage explicitly confirms two key details: first, Jean de Charpentier observed that the erratics had sharp, un-eroded edges, which he identified as incompatible with water transport because aqueous transport rounds surfaces; second, the passage states that contemporary geologists commonly held that the boulders were deposited by biblical floods. Thus, both statements are directly grounded in explicit textual facts.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Locate explicit passage facts regarding the physical condition of the erratics.
Charpentier documented that the granite erratics possessed sharp, un-eroded edges incompatible with high-energy aqueous transport.
This confirms that the physical evidence of un-worn edges contradicted transport via water.
2
Examine the passage for climate conditions linked to glacial movement.
The text notes that ice sheet expansion requires prolonged climate cooling.
This contradicts the claim of climate warming.
3
Retrieve the passage detail concerning the beliefs of contemporary geologists.
The text states that deposition by biblical floods was commonly maintained by contemporary geologists.
This explicitly confirms that geologists of that era attributed the boulders' presence to biblical deluges.

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