Soru

In his 1859 treatise on geomagnetic disturbances, astronomer Richard Christopher Carrington documented a temporal correlation between intense solar flares and widespread telegraph system disruptions. While Carrington posited that solar eruptive phenomena directly induced electric currents in terrestrial telegraph lines, his contemporary, Balfour Stewart, contended that the magnetic fluctuations were mediated by a magnetized atmospheric layer perturbed by solar radiation. Stewart noted that telegraph disruptions were non-uniform, occurring predominantly during nocturnal hours when atmospheric ionization normally declines, and were accompanied by abnormal auroral displays at low latitudes. Crucially, Stewart observed that wire currents persisted even after solar flares had visibly subsided, indicating that terrestrial atmospheric dynamics, rather than direct solar corpuscular radiation alone, sustained the inductive activity.

According to the passage, which of the following statements about Balfour Stewart's observations or hypotheses regarding geomagnetic disturbances is explicitly supported?

Select all that apply.