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Zorluk: OrtaExplicit Detail Retrieval

Passage:
During the 1872–1876 oceanographic expedition of HMS Challenger, directed by Scottish naturalist Charles Wyville Thomson, researchers conducted the first systematic global survey of deep-sea abyssal environments. Prior to the voyage, prevailing oceanic theory—most notably Edward Forbes's "azoic hypothesis" formulated in 1843—asserted that marine life could not exist below a depth of 300 fathoms (1,800 feet) due to extreme hydrostatic pressure and total darkness. However, Thomson's team collected biological specimens from depths exceeding 3,000 fathoms using reinforced dredges. Despite these groundbreaking findings, Thomson maintained that deep-sea organisms were not primitive relicts of ancient geological eras, as some evolutionary biologists speculated, but were instead specialized descendants of shallow-water species that had migrated downward over time. Crucially, the expedition also documented that deep-water temperatures remained uniformly cold across disparate oceanic basins regardless of surface latitude, disproving the earlier assumption that tropical seabed waters were warmed by equatorial solar radiation.

According to the passage, Charles Wyville Thomson held which of the following views regarding the origin of deep-sea organisms?

  1. A
    They were primitive biological relicts preserved from ancient geological epochs.
  2. B
    They originated in tropical seabed waters before gradually spreading to polar basins.
  3. They were specialized descendants of shallow-water species that had migrated into deeper oceanic environments over time.Cevap
  4. D
    They evolved exclusively at depths above the 300-fathom threshold postulated by Edward Forbes.
  5. E
    They developed thermal adaptation mechanisms to withstand elevated temperatures near equatorial ocean floors.

Cevap

They were specialized descendants of shallow-water species that had migrated into deeper oceanic environments over time.
The passage explicitly states that Thomson 'maintained that deep-sea organisms were not primitive relicts of ancient geological eras... but were instead specialized descendants of shallow-water species that had migrated downward over time.' The choice stating that organisms were specialized descendants of shallow-water species that migrated into deeper environments provides a direct, faithful paraphrase of this detail.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Locate the explicit discussion of Charles Wyville Thomson's view on the origin of deep-sea organisms in the passage text.
Identified the sentence: 'Thomson maintained that deep-sea organisms were not primitive relicts of ancient geological eras, as some evolutionary biologists speculated, but were instead specialized descendants of shallow-water species that had migrated downward over time.'
Explicit detail retrieval requires matching the question's specific target to exact statements in the passage.
2
Compare the located factual assertion against the provided options.
The option stating that deep-sea organisms were specialized descendants of shallow-water species that migrated into deeper environments directly paraphrases the passage text.
The correct answer in GRE Reading Comprehension must accurately restate facts from the passage without adding unsupported inferences or misreading modifiers.

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Explicit Detail Retrieval
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Explicit Detail Retrieval

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