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Zorluk: Çok zorTriangles: Properties, Perimeter, and Area

In △ABC\triangle ABC, the length of side ABAB is 1010 and the length of side BCBC is 1717. Point DD lies on the line containing segment ACAC such that segment BDBD is perpendicular to line ACAC. If the length of altitude BDBD and the length of side ACAC are both integers, and the area of △ABC\triangle ABC is strictly greater than 3636, what is the perimeter of △ABC\triangle ABC?

  1. A
    3636
  2. B
    4242
  3. 4848Cevap
  4. D
    5252
  5. E
    5656

Cevap

The perimeter of △ABC\triangle ABC is 4848.
Applying the Pythagorean theorem to both right triangles formed by altitude BD=hBD = h gives 100−m2=h2100 - m^2 = h^2 and 289−n2=h2289 - n^2 = h^2, where m=ADm = AD and n=CDn = CD. Subtracting these equations yields n2−m2=189n^2 - m^2 = 189, which factors as (n−m)(n+m)=189(n - m)(n + m) = 189. Testing integer factor pairs of 189189 while enforcing m≤10m \le 10 isolates a single non-degenerate solution: m=6m = 6, n=15n = 15, and h=8h = 8. When point DD lies between AA and CC, AC=6+15=21AC = 6 + 15 = 21. This gives an area of 12×21×8=84\frac{1}{2} \times 21 \times 8 = 84 (which is strictly greater than 3636) and a total perimeter of 10+17+21=4810 + 17 + 21 = 48.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Set up Pythagorean relationships for the right triangles formed by altitude BDBD.
Let BD=hBD = h, AD=mAD = m, and CD=nCD = n. In right △ABD\triangle ABD, m2+h2=102=100m^2 + h^2 = 10^2 = 100. In right △CBD\triangle CBD, n2+h2=172=289n^2 + h^2 = 17^2 = 289.
Altitude BDBD divides the figure into two right triangles sharing leg hh.
2
Subtract the two equations to eliminate h2h^2 and factor the difference of squares.
n^2 - m^2 = 289 - 100 = 189 \implies (n - m)(n + m) = 189.
Since hh and ACAC are integers, mm and nn must also be integers for AC=n±mAC = n \pm m to be an integer.
3
Analyze integer factor pairs (u,v)(u, v) of 189189 where u=n−mu = n - m and v=n+mv = n + m.
Factor pairs (u,v)(u, v) with u⋅v=189u \cdot v = 189:
- (1,189)  ⟹  m=94(1, 189) \implies m = 94 (invalid, m≤10m \le 10)
- (3,63)  ⟹  m=30(3, 63) \implies m = 30 (invalid, m≤10m \le 10)
- (7,27)  ⟹  m=10,h=0(7, 27) \implies m = 10, h = 0 (degenerate triangle)
- (9,21)  ⟹  n=15,m=6,h=100−36=8(9, 21) \implies n = 15, m = 6, h = \sqrt{100 - 36} = 8.
The leg m=ADm = AD cannot exceed the hypotenuse AB=10AB = 10.
4
Evaluate side ACAC, area, and perimeter for valid geometric configurations.
Case 1: DD lies on segment AC  ⟹  AC=n+m=15+6=21AC \implies AC = n + m = 15 + 6 = 21.
Area = 12×21×8=84>36\frac{1}{2} \times 21 \times 8 = 84 > 36.
Perimeter = 10+17+21=4810 + 17 + 21 = 48.
Case 2: DD lies outside segment AC  ⟹  AC=n−m=15−6=9AC \implies AC = n - m = 15 - 6 = 9.
Area = 12×9×8=36\frac{1}{2} \times 9 \times 8 = 36, which does not satisfy area >36> 36.
The problem specifies that the area must be strictly greater than 3636.

Anahtar Kavram

Properties of triangles, Pythagorean theorem system solver, and geometric area constraints
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