Soru

Passage:
In his 1873 treatise L'Art de bâtir chez les Romains, French architectural historian Auguste Choisy challenged the prevailing view popularized by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, which held that ancient Roman vaults were purely monolithic structures formed by pouring liquid pozzolana concrete over temporary wooden centering. Through meticulous physical examination of surviving ruins, Choisy demonstrated that Roman builders actually employed light, permanent framework lattices constructed from thin brick ribbons—a technique known as appareil. These brick ribs served a dual structural purpose: they acted as self-supporting formwork during the construction phase, thereby eliminating the need for expensive, massive wooden scaffolding, and subsequently integrated into the finished masonry shell to absorb tensile stresses. While earlier scholars assumed that the embedded brick arches were intended to permanently divide the concrete into independent structural compartments, Choisy observed that the concrete matrix fully bonded with the brickwork, creating a composite material whose structural integrity relied on unified mass action rather than segmented load paths.

According to the passage, which of the following statements regarding Auguste Choisy's findings on Roman vaulting are explicitly supported? Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.