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Zorluk: OrtaStrengthening Arguments

To alleviate traffic congestion during peak hours, municipal officials implemented a high-occupancy toll lane system on a major arterial highway, charging single-occupant vehicles a variable toll while allowing carpools free access. Eight months after implementation, average commute times along the highway corridor decreased by 14 percent. City administrators concluded that the toll policy successfully motivated solo drivers to switch to carpooling.

Which of the following statements, if true, provide support for the city administrators' conclusion? Select all that apply.

  1. Commuter surveys conducted six months after the policy launch revealed a significant increase in the average number of passengers per private vehicle traveling on the highway during peak hours.Cevap
  2. B
    A major highway expansion project that added two non-tolled lanes on a parallel transit route was completed just prior to the implementation of the toll system.
  3. Regional transportation records show a sharp increase in shared ride-matching app registrations paired with origin-destination data confirming increased shared vehicle trips along the highway corridor.Cevap
  4. D
    The municipal revenue collected from single-occupant vehicle tolls exceeded the city government's initial operational budget projections for the highway system.
  5. E
    Overall vehicle traffic volume across the metropolitan area declined overall due to an economic downturn that led many companies to adopt remote work policies.

Cevap

The statements confirming an increase in average vehicle occupancy during peak hours and documenting a sharp rise in shared vehicle trips along the highway corridor both strengthen the argument.
The conclusion asserts that the toll policy caused commute times to drop by encouraging single drivers to carpool. Evidence showing increased average passenger counts per vehicle during peak hours directly validates that carpooling increased. Similarly, data showing higher shared ride-matching app registrations and verified shared trips along the corridor directly supports the proposed causal link between the policy and commuter carpooling behavior.

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1
Identify the conclusion and underlying causal claim.
Conclusion: The high-occupancy toll policy successfully motivated solo drivers to switch to carpooling, causing the 14% decrease in commute times.
To strengthen a causal conclusion, evidence must either confirm the proposed mechanism or rule out alternative causes.
2
Evaluate option choices for direct support or corroborating data.
The statement regarding higher passenger counts per vehicle confirms that carpooling increased. The statement detailing increased shared ride registrations and trips along the corridor confirms that commuters actively transitioned to shared rides on that highway.
Both findings directly confirm the central mechanism assumed by the conclusion.
3
Evaluate incorrect options for alternative causes or irrelevancy.
Parallel lane expansion and widespread remote work offer alternative causes for lower traffic, which weakens the conclusion. Toll revenue collection is irrelevant to commuter transit choices.
Statements that introduce confounding causes undermine the author's claim.

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