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Zorluk: Çok zorManufacturing Industries and Location Factors

A manufacturing plant requires 3 tonnes3\text{ tonnes} of localized raw material to produce 1 tonne1\text{ tonne} of finished product. The raw material deposit and the market are separated by a distance of 100 km100\text{ km}. Transport costs are $2.00 per tonne-km\$2.00\text{ per tonne-km} for raw materials and $3.00 per tonne-km\$3.00\text{ per tonne-km} for finished goods. An alternative production site, Location L, offers a labor cost savings of $400.00\$400.00 per tonne of finished product, but increases the transportation distance of raw materials by 30 km30\text{ km} and finished goods by 10 km10\text{ km} compared to the least-cost transport point. Based on Alfred Weber's location theory, what is the net financial gain or loss per tonne of finished product if the plant relocates to Location L?

  1. A net gain of $190.00\$190.00, indicating that Location L lies within the critical isodapane and is economically optimal.Cevap
  2. B
    A net gain of $310.00\$310.00, indicating that Location L reduces overall production costs significantly.
  3. C
    A net gain of $110.00\$110.00, indicating that higher freight charges heavily offset cheap labor advantages.
  4. D
    A net loss of $110.00\$110.00, indicating that Location L lies outside the critical isodapane and should be rejected.

Cevap

A net gain of $190.00\$190.00 per tonne of finished product, placing Location L inside the critical isodapane.
According to Alfred Weber's Industrial Location Theory, the least-cost transport location for a weight-losing industry (MI=3>1MI = 3 > 1) is at the raw material origin, where moving input costs $6.00/km\$6.00/\text{km} versus $3.00/km\$3.00/\text{km} for output. Moving production to Location L adds $180.00\$180.00 in raw material transport (3 tonnes×$2.00×30 km3\text{ tonnes} \times \$2.00 \times 30\text{ km}) and $30.00\$30.00 in finished goods transport (1 tonne×$3.00×10 km1\text{ tonne} \times \$3.00 \times 10\text{ km}), totaling $210.00\$210.00 extra transport costs. Because the labor savings ($400.00\$400.00) exceeds the additional transport expense ($210.00\$210.00), Location L yields a net savings of $190.00\$190.00 per tonne and lies inside the critical isodapane.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the least-cost transport location
Transport cost per km for raw material assembly = 3 tonnes×$2.00/tonne-km=$6.00/km3\text{ tonnes} \times \$2.00/\text{tonne-km} = \$6.00/\text{km}. Transport cost per km for finished goods distribution = 1 tonne×$3.00/tonne-km=$3.00/km1\text{ tonne} \times \$3.00/\text{tonne-km} = \$3.00/\text{km}. Since assembly cost per km exceeds distribution cost per km, the least-cost transport location is at the raw material deposit.
Weber's theory dictates that when the Material Index is greater than 1 (MI=3/1=3MI = 3/1 = 3), manufacturing is weight-losing and least-cost transport points favor raw material sites.
2
Calculate additional transportation costs incurred by moving to Location L
Additional raw material transport cost = 3 tonnes×$2.00/tonne-km×30 km=$180.003\text{ tonnes} \times \$2.00/\text{tonne-km} \times 30\text{ km} = \$180.00. Additional finished goods transport cost = 1 tonne×$3.00/tonne-km×10 km=$30.001\text{ tonne} \times \$3.00/\text{tonne-km} \times 10\text{ km} = \$30.00. Total additional transport cost = \180.00+$30.00=$210.00180.00 + \$30.00 = \$210.00.
Deviating from the optimal transport location increases movement costs for both input and output.
3
Compute net financial impact incorporating cheap labor savings
Net financial advantage = Labor cost savings - Total additional transport cost = \400.00−$210.00=+$190.00 per tonne400.00 - \$210.00 = +\$190.00\text{ per tonne}.
If labor savings exceed the additional transport costs, the factory relocates to the labor site (Location L lies within the critical isodapane).

Anahtar Kavram

Weber's Least Cost Theory: Critical Isodapane and Labor Deviation
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Konular

Manufacturing Industries and Location Factors

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