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Zorluk: Çok zorPreparation of Departmental Trading, Profit and Loss Accounts

Apex Retailers operates two departments: Department P and Department Q. For the financial year ended 31 December 2025, the following balances were extracted from the books:

ItemDepartment P (₦)Department Q (₦)
Sales400,000600,000
Opening Stock50,00070,000
Purchases250,000350,000
Closing Stock40,00060,000

Additional financial information:
1. Department P transferred goods costing 30,000₦30,000 to Department Q at a transfer price incorporating a 20%20\% mark-up on cost.
2. Shared Administrative Salaries of 120,000₦120,000 are to be apportioned based on staff headcount (Department P has 6 staff members, Department Q has 4 staff members).
3. Total Rent and Rates paid was 50,000₦50,000, which includes 10,000₦10,000 prepaid for the subsequent year. Rent is apportioned based on floor space occupied (Department P: 1,200 sq ft1,200\text{ sq ft}; Department Q: 800 sq ft800\text{ sq ft}).
4. Total Discount Allowed of 20,000₦20,000 is to be apportioned on the basis of sales turnover.

What is the net profit of Department Q for the year ended 31 December 2025 in Naira ()?

Cevap: 128000

Cevap

The net profit of Department Q for the year ended 31 December 2025 is ₦128,000.
The net profit of ₦128,000 is correctly determined by calculating Department Q's gross profit after accounting for the inter-departmental transfer in at transfer price (₦36,000), subtracting proper closing stock, and deducting all appropriately apportioned operating expenses after adjusting rent for prepaid amounts.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate Inter-Departmental Transfer Value
Transfer Price = 36,000₦36,000
Department P transferred goods costing 30,000₦30,000 to Department Q at cost plus a 20%20\% mark-up: 30,000+(20%×30,000)=36,00030,000 + (20\% \times 30,000) = 36,000. Department Q records this as a transfer in to its trading account.
2
Determine Department Q Gross Profit
Gross Profit = 204,000₦204,000
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) for Department Q = Opening Stock (70,000₦70,000) + Purchases (350,000₦350,000) + Transfer In (36,000₦36,000) - Closing Stock (60,000₦60,000) = 396,000₦396,000. Gross Profit = Sales (600,000₦600,000) - COGS (396,000₦396,000) = 204,000₦204,000.
3
Calculate Apportioned Expenses for Department Q
Total Department Q Expenses = 76,000₦76,000
Salaries apportioned by headcount (6:46:4): 120,000×410=48,000₦120,000 \times \frac{4}{10} = ₦48,000. Net Rent Expense after subtracting 10,000₦10,000 prepayment (50,00010,000=40,000₦50,000 - ₦10,000 = ₦40,000) apportioned by floor area (1,200:8001,200:800): 40,000×8002,000=16,000₦40,000 \times \frac{800}{2,000} = ₦16,000. Discount Allowed apportioned by sales ratio (400,000:600,000400,000:600,000): 20,000×600,0001,000,000=12,000₦20,000 \times \frac{600,000}{1,000,000} = ₦12,000. Total expenses = 48,000+16,000+12,000=76,00048,000 + 16,000 + 12,000 = ₦76,000.
4
Compute Net Profit of Department Q
Net Profit = 128,000₦128,000
Net Profit = Gross Profit (204,000₦204,000) - Total Expenses (76,000₦76,000) = 128,000₦128,000.

Anahtar Kavram

Preparation of Departmental Trading, Profit and Loss Accounts with inter-departmental transfers and multi-basis expense apportionment
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