Match each stage of production in a cocoa-to-chocolate processing chain with its correct Net Value Added contribution to National Income based on the output method of measurement.
- Stage 1: Cocoa Farmer harvests raw cocoa beans and sells them to a processor for ₦120,000 (with zero intermediate costs).Net Value Added of ₦120,000
- Stage 2: Processor converts raw cocoa beans into cocoa butter and sells the output to a chocolate manufacturer for ₦270,000.Net Value Added of ₦150,000
- Stage 3: Manufacturer produces packaged chocolates using the cocoa butter and sells them to a distributor for ₦480,000.Net Value Added of ₦210,000
- Stage 4: Retailer purchases the packaged chocolates from the distributor for ₦480,000 and sells them to final consumers for ₦650,000.Net Value Added of ₦170,000
Cevap
Stage 1 matches Net Value Added of ₦120,000; Stage 2 matches Net Value Added of ₦150,000; Stage 3 matches Net Value Added of ₦210,000; Stage 4 matches Net Value Added of ₦170,000.
The output (value added) method measures national income by summing the net incremental value created at each stage of production. For each stage, Value Added = Gross Value of Output minus Cost of Intermediate Inputs. This ensures intermediate goods are counted only once and eliminates double counting.
Adım Adım Çözüm
Anahtar Kavram
Output (Value Added) Method of Measurement