Soru

Zorluk: OrtaTangents and Normals to Curves

Find the equation of the normal to the curve y=2sin⁡x−cos⁡xy = 2\sin x - \cos x at the point where x=0x = 0.

  1. x+2y+2=0x + 2y + 2 = 0Cevap
  2. B
    2x−y−1=02x - y - 1 = 0
  3. C
    x+2y−2=0x + 2y - 2 = 0
  4. D
    x−2y−2=0x - 2y - 2 = 0

Cevap

x+2y+2=0x + 2y + 2 = 0
At x=0x = 0, the yy-coordinate is 2sin⁡(0)−cos⁡(0)=−12\sin(0) - \cos(0) = -1. Evaluating the derivative dydx=2cos⁡x+sin⁡x\frac{dy}{dx} = 2\cos x + \sin x at x=0x = 0 yields a tangent slope of 22. Since the normal is perpendicular to the tangent, its gradient is −12-\frac{1}{2}. Substituting the point (0,−1)(0, -1) and slope −12-\frac{1}{2} into the line formula yields x+2y+2=0x + 2y + 2 = 0.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Find the yy-coordinate of the point of contact
At x=0x = 0, y=2sin⁡(0)−cos⁡(0)=0−1=−1y = 2\sin(0) - \cos(0) = 0 - 1 = -1. The point is (0,−1)(0, -1).
The line equation requires a point (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) on the curve.
2
Differentiate the curve to find dydx\frac{dy}{dx}
dydx=2cos⁡x−(−sin⁡x)=2cos⁡x+sin⁡x\frac{dy}{dx} = 2\cos x - (-\sin x) = 2\cos x + \sin x.
The derivative gives the gradient function of the curve.
3
Calculate the gradient of the tangent and normal at x=0x = 0
Tangent gradient mt=2cos⁡(0)+sin⁡(0)=2(1)+0=2m_t = 2\cos(0) + \sin(0) = 2(1) + 0 = 2. Normal gradient mn=−1mt=−12m_n = -\frac{1}{m_t} = -\frac{1}{2}.
The normal line is perpendicular to the tangent line.
4
Form the equation of the normal line
y−(−1)=−12(x−0)  ⟹  y+1=−12x  ⟹  2y+2=−x  ⟹  x+2y+2=0y - (-1) = -\frac{1}{2}(x - 0) \implies y + 1 = -\frac{1}{2}x \implies 2y + 2 = -x \implies x + 2y + 2 = 0.
Apply the point-slope form y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1).

Anahtar Kavram

Equation of Normal to a Curve
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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