Match each reaction condition modification on the left with its corresponding microscopic … — JAMB UTME

Match each reaction condition modification on the left with its corresponding microscopic kinetic mechanism under collision theory on the right.

Replacing a $2.0\text{ g}$ solid zinc granule with $2.0\text{ g}$ of zinc dust in $1.0\text{ mol dm}^{-3}\text{ HCl}(aq)$ Increases the exposed surface area, thereby increasing the total frequency of collisions between reactant particles per unit time.
Increasing the temperature of a gaseous reaction mixture of $NO(g)$ and $O_2(g)$ by $10^\circ\text{C}$ Increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules, significantly increasing the fraction of collisions with $E \ge E_a$ .
Exposing a mixture of $CH_4(g)$ and $Cl_2(g)$ to ultraviolet radiationProvides photon energy to cleave chemical bonds, generating reactive free radicals to initiate the reaction mechanism.
Introducing solid vanadium(V) oxide ( $V_2O_5$ ) to a reacting mixture of $SO_2(g)$ and $O_2(g)$ Provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy ( $E_a$ ), increasing the rate constant without altering equilibrium position.

Cevap

Replacing zinc granules with zinc dust increases the surface area and total collision frequency; increasing temperature increases average kinetic energy and the fraction of particles with energy equal to or greater than activation energy (

E \ge E_a

); ultraviolet illumination provides photon energy to form free radicals; and adding solid vanadium(V) oxide provides a catalyst that lowers the activation energy pathway.

Each condition matches its microscopic collision theory explanation directly: surface area increases total collision frequency, temperature increases the fraction of molecules with

E \ge E_a

, UV light supplies energy for bond cleavage/radical formation, and catalysts lower the activation energy pathway.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Analyze the particle size modification for zinc granules vs zinc dust.

Zinc dust has a much greater surface area per unit mass than a solid granule, which allows more collisions per second between

Zn(s)

and

H^+(aq)

ions.

Surface area dictates the contact zone for heterogeneous reactions.

Evaluate the effect of temperature increase on kinetic energy distribution.

An increase in temperature shifts the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution toward higher kinetic energies, exponentially increasing the fraction of effective collisions (

E \ge E_a

Reaction rate depends exponentially on temperature via the Arrhenius relationship.

Examine the role of light in photochemical reactions.

Ultraviolet light absorbs photon quanta (

E = h\nu

) to homolytically split

Cl_2

into reactive chlorine radicals.

Light intensity and frequency act as energy sources to overcome bond dissociation energy.

Assess the function of vanadium(V) oxide (

V_2O_5

V_2O_5

acts as a catalyst in the Contact Process, lowering the activation energy barrier for the oxidation of

SO_2

SO_3

Catalysts alter the reaction pathway to accelerate both forward and reverse rates equally.

Anahtar Kavram

Collision Theory and Factors Affecting Rates of Reaction

Soru

Cevap

Adım Adım Çözüm

Anahtar Kavram

Sık Yapılan Hatalar

Konular