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Zorluk: KolayIonic (Electrovalent) Bonding and Properties of Ionic Compounds

Which of the following best explains why solid sodium chloride (NaClNaCl) does not conduct electricity, whereas molten sodium chloride conducts electricity readily?

  1. In the solid state, the ions are held in fixed positions within the crystal lattice and cannot move freely.Cevap
  2. B
    Solid sodium chloride consists of neutral molecules, whereas molten sodium chloride breaks into free electrons.
  3. C
    Electrons are transferred from sodium to chlorine only when the compound is heated into the molten state.
  4. D
    The ionic bonds in sodium chloride solid are covalent, but they turn electrovalent when melted.

Cevap

In the solid state, the ions are held in fixed positions within the crystal lattice and cannot move freely.
Ionic (electrovalent) compounds conduct electricity only when charge carriers (ions) are free to move. In the solid state, ions are locked tightly into fixed positions within the giant ionic lattice, preventing electrical conduction. When melted, the high thermal energy breaks the rigid lattice structure, enabling the positive (Na+Na^+) and negative (Cl−Cl^-) ions to move freely and carry electrical current.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nature of charge carriers in ionic compounds.
Electrical conductivity in electrovalent (ionic) compounds relies on mobile ions (Na+Na^+ and Cl−Cl^-), not free electrons.
Ionic compounds do not contain free delocalized electrons like metals.
2
Analyze the structural state of solid sodium chloride.
In solid NaClNaCl, electrostatic forces lock ions in fixed positions in a giant 3D crystal lattice structure.
Because ions cannot move from place to place, solid NaClNaCl acts as an electrical insulator.
3
Compare the solid state with the molten state.
When melted (molten state), thermal energy overcomes the rigid lattice forces, allowing Na+Na^+ and Cl−Cl^- ions to move freely toward electrodes.
Mobile ions enable the flow of electric current in the liquid/molten state.

Anahtar Kavram

Electrical Conductivity of Electrovalent Compounds
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Konular

Ionic (Electrovalent) Bonding and Properties of Ionic Compounds

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