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Zorluk: ZorSeparating Funnel and Solvent Extraction

An aqueous solution containing dissolved iodine (I2I_2) and sodium chloride (NaClNaCl) is shaken with tetrachloromethane (CCl4CCl_4, density =1.59 g/cm3= 1.59\text{ g/cm}^3) in a separating funnel and allowed to stand until two distinct liquid layers form. Which of the following correctly identifies the position and contents of the lower layer?

  1. The lower layer is tetrachloromethane containing mostly dissolved iodine.Cevap
  2. B
    The lower layer is the aqueous solution containing dissolved sodium chloride.
  3. C
    The lower layer is tetrachloromethane containing mostly dissolved sodium chloride.
  4. D
    The lower layer is a single miscible mixture because tetrachloromethane and water separate only during fractional distillation.

Cevap

The lower layer is tetrachloromethane containing mostly dissolved iodine.
Tetrachloromethane (CCl4CCl_4) is immiscible with water and has a higher density (1.59 g/cm31.59\text{ g/cm}^3) than water (1.00 g/cm31.00\text{ g/cm}^3), causing it to settle at the bottom of the separating funnel. According to the principle of solute partitioning, non-polar iodine dissolves preferentially in the non-polar organic solvent (CCl4CCl_4), making the lower layer tetrachloromethane enriched with iodine.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine layer placement based on density comparison.
Water has a density of 1.00 g/cm31.00\text{ g/cm}^3, whereas tetrachloromethane (CCl4CCl_4) has a density of 1.59 g/cm31.59\text{ g/cm}^3. Because CCl4CCl_4 is denser than water and immiscible with it, CCl4CCl_4 forms the bottom (lower) layer.
In a separating funnel, the denser immiscible liquid settles at the bottom under gravity.
2
Analyze solute partitioning based on solvent polarity ('like dissolves like').
Iodine (I2I_2) is non-polar and preferentially dissolves in the non-polar solvent CCl4CCl_4 (organic layer). Sodium chloride (NaClNaCl) is ionic and remains in the polar solvent H2OH_2O (aqueous layer).
Solvent extraction relies on differential solubility of solutes between two immiscible liquid phases.
3
Combine layer position and solute content to identify the correct description.
The lower layer consists of tetrachloromethane containing the extracted iodine.
The lower organic phase contains the non-polar solute.

Anahtar Kavram

Solvent Extraction and Liquid Density Layering
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Konular

Separating Funnel and Solvent Extraction

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