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Zorluk: ZorPhysical and Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases

Match each chemical reaction or treatment involving an acid or base on the left with its corresponding characteristic observation or underlying chemical property on the right.

  • Warming ammonium chloride (NH4ClNH_4Cl) solid with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOHNaOH)Liberation of a pungent gas that turns moist red litmus paper blue, demonstrating displacement of a volatile base
  • Heating solid sodium chloride (NaClNaCl) with concentrated tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid (H2SO4H_2SO_4)Evolution of steamy fumes that form dense white fumes with ammonia, demonstrating acid displacement by a less volatile acid
  • Adding excess aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOHNaOH) to a precipitate of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2Zn(OH)_2)Dissolution of the precipitate to yield a colorless solution, demonstrating amphoteric hydroxide behavior
  • Reacting copper turnings (CuCu) with concentrated trioxonitrate(V) acid (HNO3HNO_3)Evolution of reddish-brown nitrogen(IV) oxide gas (NO2NO_2), demonstrating strong oxidizing acid action

Cevap

Warming NH4ClNH_4Cl with NaOHNaOH liberates NH3NH_3 gas which turns moist red litmus blue; heating NaClNaCl with concentrated H2SO4H_2SO_4 liberates HClHCl gas which forms white fumes with ammonia vapor; adding excess NaOHNaOH to Zn(OH)2Zn(OH)_2 dissolves the precipitate due to its amphoteric nature; reacting copper with concentrated HNO3HNO_3 yields brown NO2NO_2 gas due to the acid's strong oxidizing power.
Each pair correctly matches the specific acid/base transformation to its corresponding property: liberation of alkaline NH3NH_3 gas from ammonium salt displacement, liberation of volatile HClHCl gas by non-volatile H2SO4H_2SO_4, dissolution of amphoteric Zn(OH)2Zn(OH)_2 in excess base, and evolution of NO2NO_2 gas due to the oxidizing nature of concentrated HNO3HNO_3.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Examine the reaction between ammonium chloride (NH4ClNH_4Cl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOHNaOH).
Heating ammonium salts with soluble alkalis yields sodium chloride, water, and ammonia gas (NH3NH_3), which is alkaline and turns red litmus blue.
This demonstrates the general chemical property of alkalis reacting with ammonium salts to displace volatile ammonia.
2
Examine the reaction between solid sodium chloride (NaClNaCl) and concentrated tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid (H2SO4H_2SO_4).
Concentrated H2SO4H_2SO_4 displaces hydrogen chloride (HClHCl) gas because H2SO4H_2SO_4 is significantly less volatile (higher boiling point) than HClHCl.
This illustrates the principle that non-volatile acids displace volatile acids from their salts.
3
Examine the effect of adding excess sodium hydroxide (NaOHNaOH) to zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2Zn(OH)_2).
The insoluble precipitate dissolves to form a clear solution containing the soluble complex anion [Zn(OH)4]2[Zn(OH)_4]^{2-}.
This exhibits the amphoteric property of zinc hydroxide, allowing it to react with strong bases.
4
Examine the reaction of copper metal (CuCu) with concentrated trioxonitrate(V) acid (HNO3HNO_3).
Copper is oxidized to Cu2+Cu^{2+} while HNO3HNO_3 is reduced to brown nitrogen(IV) oxide gas (NO2NO_2), rather than evolving hydrogen gas.
This highlights that HNO3HNO_3 functions primarily as an oxidizing agent when reacting with metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinct physical and chemical properties of acids and bases, including acid/base displacement volatility, amphoterism, and oxidizing acid behavior.
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