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Zorluk: OrtaConcept and Calculation of Consumer Surplus

A consumer's maximum willingness to pay for successive packets of milk in a retail market is given in the schedule below:

Unit of MilkMaximum Willingness to Pay (₦)
1st500
2nd400
3rd300
4th200
5th100

If the market price of a packet of milk is fixed at ₦200, what is the total consumer surplus (in Naira) enjoyed by the consumer when purchasing 4 packets?

Cevap: 600 Naira

Cevap

The total consumer surplus enjoyed by the consumer is 600 Naira.
Total willingness to pay for the 4 packets of milk is 500+400+300+200=1400500 + 400 + 300 + 200 = 1400 Naira. The actual total expenditure for 4 packets at the uniform market price of 200 Naira is 4×200=8004 \times 200 = 800 Naira. Subtracting the actual total expenditure from total willingness to pay gives a consumer surplus of 1400800=6001400 - 800 = 600 Naira.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate total willingness to pay for 4 packets
₦1,400
Sum the maximum prices the consumer is willing to pay for the first 4 units: 500+400+300+200=1400500 + 400 + 300 + 200 = 1400.
2
Calculate total actual expenditure
₦800
Multiply the market price per unit by the total number of units purchased: 4×200=8004 \times 200 = 800.
3
Subtract total actual expenditure from total willingness to pay
₦600
Consumer surplus is the net monetary gain obtained when total valuation exceeds total expenditure: 1400800=6001400 - 800 = 600.

Anahtar Kavram

Consumer Surplus is the difference between the maximum total amount a consumer is willing to pay for a commodity and the actual total amount paid at the prevailing market price.
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