Match each electrolytic setup to the primary factor or mechanism governing the electrode r… — JAMB UTME

Match each electrolytic setup to the primary factor or mechanism governing the electrode reaction during electrolysis.

Electrolysis of concentrated $NaCl_{(aq)}$ (brine) using inert platinum electrodes (anode reaction)Preferential discharge of $Cl^-$ to liberate $Cl_2$ gas driven predominantly by high ion concentration
Electrolysis of $CuSO_{4(aq)}$ using copper electrodes (anode reaction)Dissolution of the copper metal anode into $Cu^{2+}$ ions governed by the nature of the active electrode
Electrolysis of dilute $H_2SO_{4(aq)}$ using inert platinum electrodes (anode reaction)Preferential discharge of $OH^-$ to liberate $O_2$ gas determined by position in the electrochemical series
Electrolysis of molten $NaCl_{(l)}$ using inert carbon electrodes (cathode reaction)Direct discharge of $Na^+$ to produce sodium metal due to the absence of competing aqueous ions

Cevap

The correct matches pair each electrolytic process with its underlying discharge factor: concentrated brine anode discharge is governed by ion concentration; active copper anode reaction is governed by electrode nature; dilute acid anode discharge depends on electrochemical series position; and molten salt electrolysis operates in the absence of competing ions.

Each electrolytic scenario is correctly matched to the principal factor governing its reaction: concentrated aqueous

NaCl

anode output is determined by ion concentration; copper electrode electrolysis depends on active electrode participation; dilute

H_2SO_4

anode output is dictated by relative positions in the electrochemical series; and molten

NaCl

involves discharge without competing aqueous ions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Examine the electrolysis of concentrated

NaCl_{(aq)}

at the anode

High concentration of

Cl^-

overrides the electrochemical series position of

OH^-

Concentration factor dominates when halide ion concentration is high.

Examine the electrolysis of

CuSO_{4(aq)}

with copper electrodes

The copper anode dissolves into

Cu^{2+}

ions.

An active electrode participates chemically in the reaction instead of inert anion discharge.

Examine the electrolysis of dilute

H_2SO_{4(aq)}

with inert electrodes

OH^-

is discharged in preference to

SO_4^{2-}

to give oxygen gas.

OH^-

is positioned higher in the electrochemical series than

SO_4^{2-}

Examine the electrolysis of molten

NaCl_{(l)}

Na^+

ions are discharged at the cathode.

Without water, there are no competing

H^+

ions present.

Anahtar Kavram

Factors governing the preferential discharge of ions during electrolysis (concentration of ions, nature of electrodes, and position in the electrochemical series)

Soru

Cevap

Adım Adım Çözüm

Anahtar Kavram

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