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Zorluk: OrtaPreparation of Company Statement of Profit or Loss

Enugu Global Ventures Plc extracted the following financial details for the year ended 31 December 2025:

- Gross profit: ₦3,200,000
- Rent and rates paid: ₦400,000
- Salaries and wages paid: ₦800,000
- Carriage outwards: ₦100,000
- Existing provision for doubtful debts: ₦30,000

Additional information at year-end:
1. Rent paid includes ₦40,000 prepaid for the next accounting period.
2. Salaries and wages of ₦60,000 remain accrued and unpaid.
3. The provision for doubtful debts is to be adjusted to a total of ₦80,000.

What is the net profit of the company for the year ended 31 December 2025?

  1. ₦1,830,000Cevap
  2. B
    ₦1,870,000
  3. C
    ₦1,800,000
  4. D
    ₦1,930,000

Cevap

The net profit for the year ended 31 December 2025 is ₦1,830,000.
The correct answer of ₦1,830,000 is derived by deducting total operating expenses of ₦1,370,000 from the gross profit of ₦3,200,000. Total operating expenses comprise Rent of ₦360,000 (₦400,000 paid less ₦40,000 prepayment), Salaries of ₦860,000 (₦800,000 paid plus ₦60,000 accrued), Carriage Outwards of ₦100,000, and an increase in Provision for Doubtful Debts of ₦50,000 (₦80,000 required less ₦30,000 existing).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate adjusted Rent and Rates expense
₦400,000 - ₦40,000 (prepayment) = ₦360,000
Prepaid expenses must be deducted because they relate to the future accounting period.
2
Calculate adjusted Salaries and Wages expense
₦800,000 + ₦60,000 (accrual) = ₦860,000
Accrued expenses must be added because they relate to the current accounting period.
3
Calculate increase in Provision for Doubtful Debts
₦80,000 (new provision) - ₦30,000 (existing provision) = ₦50,000
Only the net increase in provision is charged as an expense to the Statement of Profit or Loss.
4
Sum total operating expenses
₦360,000 (Rent) + ₦860,000 (Salaries) + ₦100,000 (Carriage Outwards) + ₦50,000 (Increase in Provision) = ₦1,370,000
Carriage outwards is a selling and distribution expense and must be included in operating expenses.
5
Calculate Net Profit
₦3,200,000 (Gross Profit) - ₦1,370,000 (Total Expenses) = ₦1,830,000
Net profit is determined by subtracting total operating expenses from gross profit.

Anahtar Kavram

Preparation of Company Statement of Profit or Loss with End-of-Year Adjustments
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