In medical practice, understanding the genetic basis of the ABO blood group system is esse… — JAMB UTME

In medical practice, understanding the genetic basis of the ABO blood group system is essential for safe blood transfusions. If an individual with blood group AB ( $I^A I^B$ ) requires a red blood cell transfusion, which of the following statements correctly explains their biological donor compatibility?

They can safely receive red blood cells from any ABO blood group donor because their blood plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.Cevap
B
They can only receive blood from group O individuals because allele $i$ exhibits complete dominance over both alleles $I^A$ and $I^B$ .
C
They exhibit a continuous spectrum of blood phenotypes that changes depending on environmental temperature and nutrition.
D
They can donate red blood cells to any ABO recipient because acquired plasma antibodies are inherited as somatic adaptations.

Cevap

Individuals with blood group AB (

I^A I^B

) can safely receive red blood cells from any ABO blood group donor because their plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Individuals with blood group AB (

I^A I^B

) express both A and B surface antigens on their erythrocytes due to codominance between the

I^A

and

I^B

alleles. Because their immune system recognizes both antigens as self-antigens, their plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies. Consequently, receiving red blood cells from group A, B, AB, or O donors will not induce antibody-mediated agglutination, making them universal red blood cell recipients.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the genotype and phenotypic antigen expression of blood group AB.

Genotype

I^A I^B

results in the codominant expression of both A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Both alleles

I^A

and

I^B

are fully expressed simultaneously.

Determine the corresponding antibody composition in the blood plasma.

Because both A and B antigens are recognized as self-antigens, the plasma produces neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Producing antibodies against self-antigens would trigger autoimmune destruction of erythrocytes.

Assess transfusion compatibility for red blood cell donation.

The absence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies prevents immune reaction against donated red blood cells from group A, B, AB, or O donors.

Lacking these antibodies makes group AB individuals universal recipients of red blood cells.

Anahtar Kavram

ABO blood group codominance, antibody presence, and transfusion compatibility in medical genetics

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