Match each chemical process, reaction requirement, or observation involving ammonia (NH_3)… — JAMB UTME

Match each chemical process, reaction requirement, or observation involving ammonia ( $NH_3$ ) and trioxonitrate(V) acid ( $HNO_3$ ) on the left with its corresponding reagent or product on the right.

Suitable drying agent for moist ammonia gas ( $NH_3$ )Calcium oxide ( $CaO$ )
Industrial catalyst used in the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (Ostwald process)Platinum-rhodium ( $Pt/Rh$ ) gauze
Reactants heated together for the laboratory preparation of ammonia gasCalcium hydroxide ( $Ca(OH)_2$ ) and ammonium chloride ( $NH_4Cl$ )
Reddish-brown gas evolved when concentrated trioxonitrate(V) acid reacts with copper metalNitrogen dioxide ( $NO_2$ )

Cevap

The correct matches pair: (1) Drying agent for ammonia with Calcium oxide; (2) Ostwald process catalyst with Platinum-rhodium gauze; (3) Laboratory prep reagents with Calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride; (4) Brown gas evolved with copper with Nitrogen dioxide.

Each item on the left correctly corresponds to its specific chemical drying agent, catalyst, preparation mixture, or redox product. Quicklime (

CaO

) dries

NH_3

safely without reacting with it. Platinum-rhodium gauze catalyzes

NH_3

oxidation in the Ostwald process. Heating

Ca(OH)_2

with

NH_4Cl

produces

NH_3

gas. Concentrated

HNO_3

oxidizes copper metal to yield nitrogen dioxide (

NO_2

) gas.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Determine the appropriate drying agent for basic ammonia gas.

Ammonia reacts with acidic drying agents (

H_2SO_4

P_4O_{10}

) and forms an addition complex with

CaCl_2

. Therefore, unslaked lime (Calcium oxide,

CaO

) must be used.

A gas can only be dried by a drying agent with which it does not chemically react.

Identify the industrial catalyst for the oxidation step in trioxonitrate(V) acid production.

Ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen(II) oxide (

NO

) over a Platinum-rhodium (

Pt/Rh

) gauze catalyst during the Ostwald process.

The catalyst allows oxidation to proceed selectively and rapidly at high temperatures.

Recall the standard reactants used for laboratory synthesis of ammonia.

A solid mixture of Calcium hydroxide (

Ca(OH)_2

) and Ammonium chloride (

NH_4Cl

) is heated.

Action of a strong base on an ammonium salt liberates ammonia gas, water, and calcium chloride.

Identify the gaseous reduction product of concentrated trioxonitrate(V) acid reacting with copper.

Reddish-brown fumes of Nitrogen dioxide (

NO_2

) are liberated.

Concentrated

HNO_3

is a strong oxidizing agent that is reduced to

NO_2

gas when it oxidizes metals like copper.

Anahtar Kavram

Preparation, industrial processes, and characteristic chemical reactions of ammonia and trioxonitrate(V) acid.

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