Match each chemical reaction or behavior in Column A with the acid-base theory in Column B… — JAMB UTME

Match each chemical reaction or behavior in Column A with the acid-base theory in Column B that uniquely or best explains it.

Dissociation of $\text{HCl}_{(g)}$ in aqueous solution to produce $\text{H}^+_{(aq)}$ as the only positive ion.Arrhenius Theory
Reaction where $\text{HSO}_4^-$ donates a proton to $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ to form its conjugate base $\text{SO}_4^{2-}$ .Brønsted-Lowry Theory
Reaction where $\text{NH}_3$ donates an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond with $\text{AlCl}_3$ .Lewis Theory

Cevap

1. Dissociation yielding H+ as the only positive ion matches Arrhenius Theory. 2. Proton transfer forming conjugate base SO42- matches Brønsted-Lowry Theory. 3. Electron-pair donation forming a dative bond with AlCl3 matches Lewis Theory.

Each statement matches its respective historical acid-base theory based on foundational criteria: Arrhenius requires aqueous H+ generation, Brønsted-Lowry centers on proton transfer and conjugate species, and Lewis broadens the scope to electron-pair donation and coordinate bond formation.

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Analyze the first item regarding HCl yielding H+ as the only positive ion in water.

Identified as Arrhenius Theory.

Arrhenius strictly defined acids by their ability to ionize in water to yield hydrogen ions as sole positive ions.

Analyze the second item involving HSO4- donating a proton to H2O to generate SO42-.

Identified as Brønsted-Lowry Theory.

Brønsted-Lowry focuses on proton transfer, where the donor is the acid and the resulting species is its conjugate base.

Analyze the third item involving NH3 donating a lone pair of electrons to AlCl3 in a non-protic coordinate covalent bond context.

Identified as Lewis Theory.

Lewis theory encompasses electron pair transfer, defining electron pair donors as bases and acceptors as acids.

Anahtar Kavram

Definitions and Theories of Acids and Bases (Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis)

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