Agricultural breeders often apply Mendelian genetics to select desirable traits in farm an… — JAMB UTME

Agricultural breeders often apply Mendelian genetics to select desirable traits in farm animals. A livestock breeder crosses two cattle that are both heterozygous for high milk production ( $Mm$ ) and disease resistance ( $Rr$ ). Assuming independent assortment of these dominant autosomal traits, what proportion of the offspring is expected to display both high milk production and disease resistance?

$\frac{9}{16}$ Cevap
B
$\frac{3}{4}$
C
$\frac{3}{16}$
D
$\frac{1}{16}$

Cevap

\frac{9}{16}

of the offspring will display both dominant traits (high milk production and disease resistance).

Crossing two dihybrid individuals (

MmRr \times MmRr

) produces offspring with a phenotypic ratio of 9 (both dominant) : 3 (dominant/recessive) : 3 (recessive/dominant) : 1 (both recessive). Therefore,

\frac{9}{16}

of the offspring inherit both high milk production and disease resistance.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Determine the probability of expressing the dominant phenotype for the first trait (milk production).

From

Mm \times Mm

, the probability of high milk yield (

M\_

) is

\frac{3}{4}

Genotypes

MM

Mm

, and

Mm

out of

MM, Mm, Mm, mm

express the dominant phenotype.

Determine the probability of expressing the dominant phenotype for the second trait (disease resistance).

From

Rr \times Rr

, the probability of disease resistance (

R\_

) is

\frac{3}{4}

Genotypes

RR

Rr

, and

Rr

out of

RR, Rr, Rr, rr

express the dominant phenotype.

Apply the product rule of probability for independent assortment.

\frac{3}{4} \times \frac{3}{4} = \frac{9}{16}

The inheritance of milk yield and disease resistance assort independently during gamete formation.

Anahtar Kavram

Selective breeding using Mendelian dihybrid inheritance principles to combine desirable agricultural traits.

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