Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: OrtaNatural Radioactivity and Radiation Emissions

During natural radioactive decay, an unstable nucleus can emit a beta-minus (β−\beta^-) particle despite the nucleus containing no free electrons. Which of the following mechanisms correctly describes the origin of this emitted particle?

  1. A neutron inside the nucleus transforms into a proton, emitting an electron and an antineutrino.Cevap
  2. B
    An orbital electron from the innermost atomic K-shell is ejected due to intense nuclear energy.
  3. C
    A proton inside the nucleus converts into a neutron, releasing a negatively charged electron.
  4. D
    High-energy gamma radiation within the nucleus spontaneously converts into an electron-positron pair.

Cevap

A neutron inside the nucleus transforms into a proton, emitting an electron and an antineutrino.
The emission of a beta-minus particle results from a weak interaction process within an unstable nucleus where a neutron converts into a proton, emitting a high-speed electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino. This preserves total electric charge (0=+1−10 = +1 - 1) and nucleon number (1=1+01 = 1 + 0).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the constituents of the nucleus and the nature of the emitted particle.
The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, while a beta-minus (β−\beta^-) particle is a fast-moving electron (−10e^{0}_{-1}e).
Since electrons do not exist as independent bound particles inside the nucleus, the emitted electron must be created during a nuclear transformation.
2
Apply conservation laws (charge and mass number) to determine the nuclear reaction.
01n→11p+−10e+νˉe^{1}_{0}n \rightarrow ^{1}_{1}p + ^{0}_{-1}e + \bar{\nu}_e
A neutron (01n^{1}_{0}n) decays into a proton (11p^{1}_{1}p), producing a beta particle (−10e^{0}_{-1}e) and an antineutrino (νˉe\bar{\nu}_e) to conserve atomic number, mass number, and lepton number.

Anahtar Kavram

Mechanism of Nuclear Beta Decay
Bu soruyu puanla

Konular

Natural Radioactivity and Radiation Emissions

Bu konudan daha fazla soru