Read the passage below carefully:
In recent decades, urban centers across the Sahel region have experienced severe urban heat island effects, exacerbating heat stress for local populations. To address this environmental challenge, urban planners in Niamey, Niger, have initiated a widespread community-based re-greening campaign focused on planting indigenous Neem and Acacia trees along municipal roadways and public squares. Research indicates that expanding urban canopy cover by thirty percent significantly lowers localized ambient surface temperatures through evapotranspiration and direct solar shading. Furthermore, these native tree species require minimal supplementary irrigation once established, making them highly resilient to prolonged drought conditions. Beyond thermal regulation, the initiative has generated socio-economic co-benefits by creating local nurseries and green space maintenance jobs for youth. While critics point out that tree planting alone cannot offset regional industrial emissions, environmental strategists emphasize that localized shade management remains the most cost-effective adaptation mechanism for heat-vulnerable West African cities.
Match each statement from the passage on the left with its correct structural role in the text on the right.
- Urban planners in Niamey have initiated a community-based re-greening campaign using indigenous trees to combat severe urban heat stress.Central Thesis / Main Idea
- Expanding canopy cover by thirty percent significantly reduces surface temperatures through evapotranspiration and direct solar shading.Primary Supporting Evidence
- The tree planting initiative has created local nurseries and green space maintenance jobs for youth.Secondary Supporting Detail
- Critics point out that tree planting alone cannot offset regional industrial emissions.Counterargument / Limitation