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Zorluk: OrtaNervous Coordination and Sense Organs

During a clinical assessment of involuntary motor responses, a patient exhibits a rapid auditory startle reflex in response to an unexpected loud sound. Which of the following sequences correctly represents the pathway of the nerve impulse from initial reception to muscular response?

  1. Auditory receptor →\rightarrow Sensory neuron →\rightarrow Relay neuron →\rightarrow Motor neuron →\rightarrow Effector muscleCevap
  2. B
    Auditory receptor →\rightarrow Motor neuron →\rightarrow Relay neuron →\rightarrow Sensory neuron →\rightarrow Effector muscle
  3. C
    Auditory receptor →\rightarrow Sensory neuron →\rightarrow Motor neuron →\rightarrow Relay neuron →\rightarrow Effector muscle
  4. D
    Auditory receptor →\rightarrow Relay neuron →\rightarrow Sensory neuron →\rightarrow Motor neuron →\rightarrow Effector muscle

Cevap

Auditory receptor →\rightarrow Sensory neuron →\rightarrow Relay neuron →\rightarrow Motor neuron →\rightarrow Effector muscle
A functional reflex arc always follows a strict unidirectional pathway: Receptor →\rightarrow Sensory (afferent) neuron →\rightarrow Central nervous system / Relay neuron →\rightarrow Motor (efferent) neuron →\rightarrow Effector (muscle or gland). In an auditory reflex, sound is detected by receptors in the ear, passed along sensory neurons to interneurons in the brainstem, which transmit the signal via motor neurons to neck or skeletal muscles to elicit the involuntary contraction.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary stimulus receptor
The sensory hair cells in the cochlea (auditory receptors) convert sound vibrations into electrical nerve impulses.
Receptors are the starting point of any reflex pathway.
2
Trace afferent signal transmission
The sensory neuron carries afferent impulses from the sensory organ into the central nervous system.
Afferent (sensory) neurons transmit impulses toward the brainstem or spinal cord.
3
Identify central processing within the synapse
The relay neuron (interneuron) within the CNS receives signal from sensory neuron and passes it to motor neuron.
Interneurons integrate sensory inputs and route them directly to motor pathways.
4
Trace efferent signal transmission to target organ
The motor neuron carries efferent impulses from CNS to the effector muscle, causing contraction.
Efferent (motor) neurons conduct signals away from CNS to executive tissues (effectors).

Anahtar Kavram

Reflex Arc Impulse Transmission Pathway
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Konular

Nervous Coordination and Sense Organs

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