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Zorluk: OrtaShort-Run Cost Concepts and Calculations

A printing press operating in the short run has a Total Fixed Cost (TFC\text{TFC}) of ₦1,200\text{₦}1,200. When producing 100100 brochures, its Total Cost (TC\text{TC}) is ₦3,200\text{₦}3,200. If the output increases to 150150 brochures and its Total Variable Cost (TVC\text{TVC}) rises to ₦3,500\text{₦}3,500, what is the Marginal Cost (MC\text{MC}) per additional brochure produced?

  1. A
    ₦70\text{₦}70
  2. ₦30\text{₦}30Cevap
  3. C
    ₦94\text{₦}94
  4. D
    ₦1,500\text{₦}1,500

Cevap

The Marginal Cost per additional brochure produced is ₦30\text{₦}30.
At an output of 100100 units, TVC1=TC1−TFC=₦3,200−₦1,200=₦2,000\text{TVC}_1 = \text{TC}_1 - \text{TFC} = \text{₦}3,200 - \text{₦}1,200 = \text{₦}2,000. When output increases to 150150 units, TVC2=₦3,500\text{TVC}_2 = \text{₦}3,500. The increase in cost (ΔTC=ΔTVC\Delta \text{TC} = \Delta \text{TVC}) is ₦3,500−₦2,000=₦1,500\text{₦}3,500 - \text{₦}2,000 = \text{₦}1,500. Dividing this by the output change (ΔQ=150−100=50\Delta Q = 150 - 100 = 50) yields MC=₦1,50050=₦30\text{MC} = \frac{\text{₦}1,500}{50} = \text{₦}30.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate initial Total Variable Cost (TVC1\text{TVC}_1) at Q1=100Q_1 = 100
TVC1=TC1−TFC=₦3,200−₦1,200=₦2,000\text{TVC}_1 = \text{TC}_1 - \text{TFC} = \text{₦}3,200 - \text{₦}1,200 = \text{₦}2,000
Total cost is the sum of total fixed cost and total variable cost.
2
Calculate the change in cost (ΔTC\Delta \text{TC} or ΔTVC\Delta \text{TVC}) and change in quantity (ΔQ\Delta Q)
ΔTVC=TVC2−TVC1=₦3,500−₦2,000=₦1,500\Delta \text{TVC} = \text{TVC}_2 - \text{TVC}_1 = \text{₦}3,500 - \text{₦}2,000 = \text{₦}1,500; ΔQ=150−100=50\Delta Q = 150 - 100 = 50 units
Fixed cost does not change with output, so any change in total cost is entirely due to changes in variable cost.
3
Calculate Marginal Cost (MC\text{MC})
MC=ΔTCΔQ=₦1,50050=₦30\text{MC} = \frac{\Delta \text{TC}}{\Delta Q} = \frac{\text{₦}1,500}{50} = \text{₦}30
Marginal Cost is defined as the addition to total cost resulting from producing one additional unit of output.

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Short-Run Marginal Cost Calculation
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Short-Run Cost Concepts and Calculations

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