Match each change in reaction conditions on the left with its corresponding microscopic mechanism under collision theory on the right.
- Increasing the concentration of aqueous reactantsIncreases particle density, leading to a higher frequency of collisions per unit volume.
- Increasing the reaction temperatureIncreases average kinetic energy, significantly raising the fraction of particles with energy equal to or greater than the activation energy.
- Adding a positive catalystProvides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy without shifting equilibrium position.
- Crushing a solid reactant into fine powderIncreases the total exposed surface area available for reactant collisions per unit time.
Cevap
Concentration increase matches with higher particle density and collision frequency per unit volume; temperature increase matches with higher average kinetic energy and greater fraction of particles exceeding activation energy; adding a catalyst matches with providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy; crushing a solid matches with increasing exposed surface area for collisions.
Each rate factor operates via a specific collision theory principle: concentration governs particle crowding and collision frequency per unit volume; temperature primarily governs the proportion of successful high-energy collisions; catalysts reduce the energy barrier via an alternate pathway; and particle size determines the surface contact area available for collisions.
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Anahtar Kavram
Collision Theory Mechanisms of Reaction Rate Factors