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Zorluk: Çok zorLinear and Quadratic Inequalities

For what set of real values of kk does the quadratic inequality (k+2)x2−2(k−1)x+(k+5)>0(k + 2)x^2 - 2(k - 1)x + (k + 5) > 0 hold for all real values of xx?

  1. k>−1k > -1Cevap
  2. B
    −2<k<−1-2 < k < -1
  3. C
    k<−1k < -1
  4. D
    k>−2k > -2

Cevap

The condition holds for k>−1k > -1.
A quadratic function is strictly positive for all real values of xx if and only if its parabola opens upwards (a>0a > 0) and it has no real x-intercepts (Δ<0\Delta < 0). Here a=k+2>0a = k + 2 > 0 gives k>−2k > -2. The discriminant Δ=[−2(k−1)]2−4(k+2)(k+5)=−36(k+1)\Delta = [-2(k-1)]^2 - 4(k+2)(k+5) = -36(k+1). Setting −36(k+1)<0-36(k+1) < 0 requires dividing by −36-36 and reversing the inequality sign, giving k+1>0  ⟹  k>−1k + 1 > 0 \implies k > -1. The intersection of k>−2k > -2 and k>−1k > -1 is k>−1k > -1.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the conditions required for a quadratic expression ax2+bx+cax^2 + bx + c to be strictly positive for all real xx.
The coefficient of x2x^2 must be positive (a>0a > 0) and the discriminant must be strictly negative (Δ<0\Delta < 0).
If a<0a < 0, the parabola opens downwards and yields negative values. If Δ≥0\Delta \ge 0, the quadratic has real roots or a double root, taking non-positive values.
2
Apply the first condition a>0a > 0 to the coefficient of x2x^2.
k+2>0  ⟹  k>−2k + 2 > 0 \implies k > -2.
Ensures the parabola opens upwards.
3
Calculate the discriminant Δ=b2−4ac\Delta = b^2 - 4ac and set Δ<0\Delta < 0.
Δ=[−2(k−1)]2−4(k+2)(k+5)=4(k2−2k+1)−4(k2+7k+10)=4(−9k−9)=−36(k+1)\Delta = [-2(k - 1)]^2 - 4(k + 2)(k + 5) = 4(k^2 - 2k + 1) - 4(k^2 + 7k + 10) = 4(-9k - 9) = -36(k + 1). Setting −36(k+1)<0-36(k + 1) < 0.
Ensures the quadratic equation has no real roots and does not cross or touch the x-axis.
4
Solve the linear inequality −36(k+1)<0-36(k + 1) < 0 and combine with the first condition.
Dividing by −36-36 reverses the inequality: k+1>0  ⟹  k>−1k + 1 > 0 \implies k > -1. Taking the intersection of k>−2k > -2 and k>−1k > -1 yields k>−1k > -1.
Dividing an inequality by a negative number flips the inequality symbol.

Anahtar Kavram

Conditions for positive definiteness of quadratic expressions
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