In the agro-allied manufacturing sector of southern Nigeria (such as in Ondo, Imo, and Cross River states), oil palm fruits undergo a specific sequence of industrial processing stages to yield refined vegetable oil and industrial palm kernel products. Arrange the following processing stages in the correct chronological sequence from raw harvest treatment to final industrial refining.
- 1Sterilization and high-pressure steam digestion of fresh fruit bunches to arrest enzymatic acidity and loosen pericarp tissue.
- 2Mechanical pressing of the digested pulp to extract crude palm oil (CPO) and separate the palm nuts.
- 3Clarification, centrifugation, and drying to remove water, fiber, and solid impurities from the crude oil.
- 4Industrial fractionation and secondary refining of purified palm oil into olein, stearin, and consumer edible products.
Cevap
The correct sequence begins with sterilization and steam digestion, followed by mechanical pressing, clarification and drying of crude oil, and concludes with industrial fractionation and secondary refining.
The industrial processing of palm oil in Nigeria follows a logical progression from raw material stabilization to final product refining. Harvested fruit bunches are first sterilized and digested with steam to stop enzymatic degradation and break down pulp fibers. Next, mechanical presses squeeze out crude palm oil and separate palm nuts. The crude oil is then clarified and dried to remove water and suspended sludge. Finally, purified crude palm oil undergoes industrial fractionation and secondary refining to produce liquid cooking oil (olein), solid fats (stearin), and soaps.
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Anahtar Kavram
Agro-allied Industrial Processing Stages in Southern Nigeria