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Zorluk: OrtaDeterminants and Changes in Demand

In market economics, changes in price and non-price determinants produce distinct geometric shifts or movements on a commodity's demand curve. Match each specific market event involving fresh milk on the left with its exact geometric outcome on the demand curve on the right.

  • A reduction in the retail market price of fresh milk itselfDownward movement along the demand curve (expansion of quantity demanded)
  • A widely publicized medical report highlighting the health benefits of drinking fresh milkOutward (rightward) shift of the demand curve due to a positive change in taste and preference
  • A substantial price increase in fruit juice, a substitute for fresh milkOutward (rightward) shift of the demand curve due to the cross-price effect of a substitute
  • A decline in average household disposable income during a recession, where fresh milk is a normal goodInward (leftward) shift of the demand curve due to reduced consumer purchasing power

Cevap

The correct pairings match: (1) price reduction of fresh milk to downward movement along the curve; (2) medical report favoring milk to an outward shift driven by tastes; (3) price increase of fruit juice to an outward shift driven by substitute cross-price elasticity; and (4) decline in consumer income to an inward shift of the demand curve.
Each economic factor correctly maps to its geometric representation: own-price changes result in movement along the curve, positive preference changes and rising substitute prices shift the curve rightward, and falling income for normal goods shifts the curve leftward.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Distinguish between a change in price of the good itself and non-price determinants.
Recognize that a change in own-price causes movement along the curve, while non-price determinants shift the curve.
The law of demand specifies that price affects quantity demanded (movement), whereas external non-price factors alter overall demand (shift).
2
Analyze the impact of non-price determinants on tastes, substitute prices, and consumer income.
Determine the direction of shifts: positive tastes and higher substitute prices shift demand rightward; lower income for normal goods shifts demand leftward.
Substitutes have a direct cross-price relationship with demand for the target good, while normal goods share a direct relationship with consumer income.

Anahtar Kavram

Determinants and Changes in Demand (Movement along vs. Shift of Demand Curve)
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