Company Accounts

90 soru

Soru 21Soru

Kofar Ltd has an issued share capital of 500,000500,000 ordinary shares of 1.00\text{₦}1.00 each and a Share Premium balance of 150,000\text{₦}150,000. The company first makes a rights issue of 11 new ordinary share for every 55 existing shares held at an issue price of ���1.50\text{���}1.50 per share, which is fully subscribed. Subsequently, the company makes a bonus issue of 11 new ordinary share for every 44 shares held, utilizing the Share Premium account to fund the issue as far as possible. What is the remaining balance in the Share Premium account after the capitalization for the bonus issue?

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Cevap: 50,000\text{₦}50,000

Cevap

The remaining balance in the Share Premium account is 50,000\text{₦}50,000.
The rights issue adds 100,000100,000 shares (500,000/5500,000 / 5) at a premium of 0.50\text{₦}0.50 per share, increasing the Share Premium account by 50,000\text{₦}50,000 to 200,000\text{₦}200,000 and bringing total issued shares to 600,000600,000. The subsequent 11-for-44 bonus issue requires 150,000150,000 shares (600,000/4600,000 / 4) at 1.00\text{₦}1.00 nominal value (150,000\text{₦}150,000). Capitalizing this 150,000\text{₦}150,000 from the updated 200,000\text{₦}200,000 Share Premium account leaves a balance of 50,000\text{₦}50,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate rights issue volume and share premium contribution
Rights shares issued = 500,000/5=100,000500,000 / 5 = 100,000 shares. Premium per share = 1.501.00=0.50\text{₦}1.50 - \text{₦}1.00 = \text{₦}0.50. Total premium added = 100,000×0.50=50,000100,000 \times \text{₦}0.50 = \text{₦}50,000.
Only the excess of issue price over nominal value is credited to the Share Premium account.
2
Determine post-rights share count and updated Share Premium balance
Total issued shares = 500,000+100,000=600,000500,000 + 100,000 = 600,000 shares. New Share Premium balance = 150,000+50,000=200,000\text{₦}150,000 + \text{₦}50,000 = \text{₦}200,000.
Rights shares increase both total shares outstanding and the available Share Premium balance before the bonus issue.
3
Calculate bonus issue volume and required capitalization
Bonus shares issued = 600,000/4=150,000600,000 / 4 = 150,000 shares. Nominal value capitalized = 150,000×1.00=150,000150,000 \times \text{₦}1.00 = \text{₦}150,000.
Bonus shares are allocated based on total existing shares after the rights issue and are issued at nominal value.
4
Deduct bonus capitalization from updated Share Premium balance
Remaining Share Premium balance = 200,000150,000=50,000\text{₦}200,000 - \text{₦}150,000 = \text{₦}50,000.
Share Premium is used to fund the nominal value of bonus shares issued.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting for Sequential Rights and Bonus Issues
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 22Soru

Match each category of share capital with its correct description in financial accounting.

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Öğeler

Authorized Share Capital
Issued Share Capital
Called-Up Share Capital
Paid-Up Share Capital

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Authorized Share Capital matches the maximum capital allowed by the Memorandum of Association; Issued Share Capital matches the portion offered to the public; Called-Up Share Capital matches the portion requested by directors; Paid-Up Share Capital matches the actual money received from shareholders.
Each share capital class denotes a distinct accounting stage: Authorized is registered ceiling, Issued is offered shares, Called-Up is demanded payment, and Paid-Up is actual cash collected.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify Authorized Share Capital
Matches the description stating the legal maximum capital specified in the Memorandum of Association.
Authorized capital (also known as nominal or registered capital) sets the upper statutory ceiling of share capital a company can issue.
2
Identify Issued Share Capital
Matches the description stating the portion of authorized capital offered to the public.
Issued capital is the actual portion of nominal capital offered to investors.
3
Identify Called-Up Share Capital
Matches the description stating the portion requested by directors for payment.
Called-up capital represents installments demanded from subscribers.
4
Identify Paid-Up Share Capital
Matches the description stating the actual amount received from shareholders.
Paid-up capital is the net cash received after deducting unpaid calls in arrears from called-up capital.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Share Capital
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 23Soru

Danford Oil Plc has an issued share capital of 1,200,0001,200,000 ordinary shares of 0.50\text{₦}0.50 each and a Share Premium balance of 180,000\text{₦}180,000. The company executes a rights issue of 11 new ordinary share for every 44 shares held at an issue price of 0.80\text{₦}0.80 per share, which is fully subscribed. Immediately thereafter, the company declares a bonus issue of 11 new share for every 66 ordinary shares held, utilizing the Share Premium account. What is the remaining balance in the Share Premium account after both transactions?

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Cevap: 145000

Cevap

The remaining balance in the Share Premium account after both transactions is ₦145,000.
The rights issue adds 300,000 shares and generates a premium of ₦90,000 (300,000 × ₦0.30), bringing the Share Premium account to ₦270,000. The post-rights total of 1,500,000 shares yields 250,000 bonus shares (1 for 6 ratio). The nominal value of the bonus issue is ₦125,000 (250,000 × ₦0.50). Deducting ₦125,000 from the Share Premium account leaves a balance of ₦145,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the number of rights shares issued and the resulting share premium generated.
Rights shares = 1,200,000 ÷ 4 = 300,000 shares. Premium per share = ₦0.80 - ₦0.50 = ₦0.30. Premium generated = 300,000 × ₦0.30 = ₦90,000.
A 1 for 4 rights issue on 1,200,000 shares generates 300,000 new shares, with the excess of issue price over nominal value credited to Share Premium.
2
Calculate the updated Share Premium account balance prior to capitalizing bonus shares.
Updated Share Premium balance = ₦180,000 + ₦90,000 = ₦270,000.
The share premium from the rights issue is added to the initial Share Premium reserve balance.
3
Calculate the total ordinary shares in issue following the rights issue.
Total post-rights issued shares = 1,200,000 + 300,000 = 1,500,000 shares.
Bonus shares are declared after the rights issue is completed, so they apply to the total post-rights share count.
4
Calculate the nominal value of bonus shares issued.
Bonus shares = 1,500,000 ÷ 6 = 250,000 shares. Nominal value of bonus issue = 250,000 × ₦0.50 = ₦125,000.
Bonus shares are allocated at nominal value (₦0.50) without receiving cash payment.
5
Subtract the capitalized bonus share value from the Share Premium account.
Remaining Share Premium = ₦270,000 - ₦125,000 = ₦145,000.
Capitalizing reserves to fund a bonus issue reduces the Share Premium account by the total nominal value of the bonus shares issued.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting Treatment of Rights Issue Premium and Bonus Share Capitalization
Soru 24Soru

During the formation of a limited liability company, the promoters are required to prepare official documents for registration. Which document specifies the internal rules and regulations governing the duties of directors, voting rights of members, and the conduct of meetings?

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Cevap: Articles of Association

Cevap

Articles of Association
The Articles of Association serve as the internal rulebook of a limited liability company, detailing internal administrative rules such as the appointment and powers of directors, rights of shareholders, and meeting procedures.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the purpose of company formation documents
Company registration requires constitutional documents that define both external relationships and internal operations.
Different legal documents serve distinct regulatory functions during incorporation.
2
Distinguish internal regulations from external constitutions and certificates
The document detailing internal administration, administrative powers of directors, calling of meetings, and internal governance is the Articles of Association.
The Memorandum of Association governs external scope and objects, whereas the Articles of Association regulate internal governance.

Anahtar Kavram

Articles of Association vs Memorandum of Association
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 25Soru

Koko Nigeria Limited was registered with an authorized share capital of 1,000,000 ordinary shares of ₦1.00 each. The directors issued 600,000 ordinary shares to the public at par, all of which were fully subscribed and allotted. A call of ₦0.80 per share was subsequently made. All shareholders paid the call in full except for a holder of 25,000 shares who failed to pay. What is the paid-up share capital of Koko Nigeria Limited?

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Cevap: ₦460,000

Cevap

₦460,000
The paid-up capital is the total money received from shareholders for shares called up. Subtracting calls in arrears of ₦20,000 (25,000 shares × ₦0.80) from called-up capital of ₦480,000 (600,000 shares × ₦0.80) yields ₦460,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate called-up capital
600,000 shares × ₦0.80 = ₦480,000
Called-up capital represents the portion of issued share capital that the company has requested shareholders to pay.
2
Calculate calls in arrears
25,000 shares × ₦0.80 = ₦20,000
Calls in arrears represent the amount requested by the company that shareholders have defaulted on.
3
Calculate paid-up capital
₦480,000 - ₦20,000 = ₦460,000
Paid-up capital is equal to called-up capital minus calls in arrears.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification and calculation of paid-up share capital from called-up capital and calls in arrears.
Soru 26Soru

Zenith Logistics Plc offered for public subscription 50,00050,000 ordinary shares of 2.00\text{₦}2.00 each at a premium of 15%15\%. If all the shares were fully subscribed and paid for, what total amount (in \text{₦}) will be credited to the Share Premium Account?

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Cevap: 15000

Cevap

The total amount credited to the Share Premium Account is ₦15,000.
The premium per share is 15%15\% of 2.00\text{₦}2.00, which equals 0.30\text{₦}0.30. Multiplying this unit premium by the total 50,00050,000 shares issued yields 15,000\text{₦}15,000, which is credited to the Share Premium Account.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the share premium per share
Premium per share = 0.15×2.00=0.300.15 \times \text{₦}2.00 = \text{₦}0.30
Share premium represents the excess amount over the nominal (par) value of each share issued.
2
Multiply the premium per share by the number of shares issued
Total Share Premium = 50,000×0.30=15,00050,000 \times \text{₦}0.30 = \text{₦}15,000
The total amount credited to the Share Premium Account is the unit premium multiplied by the total number of subscribed shares.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting calculation for share premium upon issue of shares
Soru 27Soru

Match each accounting stage or balance associated with share forfeiture and re-issue with its appropriate ledger accounting treatment.

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Öğeler

Called-up value of forfeited shares
Unpaid call amount on forfeited shares
Amount already paid up on shares before forfeiture
Surplus profit remaining after re-issuing forfeited shares

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Called-up value of forfeited shares matches 'Debited to Ordinary Share Capital Account'; Unpaid call amount matches 'Credited to Calls-in-Arrears Account'; Amount already paid up matches 'Credited to Forfeited Shares Account'; Surplus profit remaining after re-issue matches 'Credited to Capital Reserve Account'.
Each accounting stage accurately reflects standard double-entry bookkeeping rules for corporate share forfeiture: Share Capital is debited for the called-up amount, Calls-in-Arrears is credited to eliminate unpaid debts, Forfeited Shares Account stores money already received, and net re-issue profit is transferred to Capital Reserve.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the double-entry required to cancel the share capital upon forfeiture.
Debit Ordinary Share Capital Account with the called-up value.
Forfeiture cancels the shares previously allotted, requiring a reduction in called-up share capital.
2
Identify the accounting treatment for the unpaid call amount.
Credit Calls-in-Arrears Account.
Crediting Calls-in-Arrears eliminates the unpaid receivable balance associated with the forfeited shares.
3
Identify where the previously paid cash is held until re-issue.
Credit Forfeited Shares Account.
The money paid by defaulting shareholders before forfeiture is retained by the company and held in the Forfeited Shares Account.
4
Identify the final transfer upon re-issuing forfeited shares.
Credit Capital Reserve Account with any remaining surplus.
Profit realized on re-issuing forfeited shares is a capital profit and must be transferred to the Capital Reserve Account.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting treatment and journal entries for share forfeiture and re-issue
Soru 28Soru

Apex Limited issued 2,000, 10% debentures of ₦100 each at a discount of 5% on 1st April 2024. If the company closes its accounting books on 31st December 2024, what is the amount of debenture interest to be charged to the Profit and Loss Account for the year?

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Cevap: ₦15,000

Cevap

The debenture interest to be charged to the Profit and Loss Account is ₦15,000.
Debenture interest is a fixed charge against profit and must be calculated on nominal value (2,000×100=200,0002,000 \times ₦100 = ₦200,000). For the 9-month period from 1st April to 31st December 2024, interest payable is 200,000×10%×912=15,000₦200,000 \times 10\% \times \frac{9}{12} = ₦15,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total nominal (face) value of the debentures issued.
Total Nominal Value = 2,000×100=200,0002,000 \times ₦100 = ₦200,000
Debenture interest is always computed on nominal value, regardless of whether debentures are issued at par, premium, or discount.
2
Calculate the annual debenture interest.
Annual Interest = 10%×200,000=20,00010\% \times ₦200,000 = ₦20,000
The rate specified on debentures (10%) is an annual coupon rate.
3
Time-apportion interest for the period from issue date (1st April 2024) to year-end (31st December 2024).
Interest for 9 months = 20,000×912=15,000₦20,000 \times \frac{9}{12} = ₦15,000
The debentures were held for 9 months during the financial year.

Anahtar Kavram

Debenture Interest Calculation and Time Apportionment
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 29Soru

Meridian Logistics Plc was registered with an authorized share capital of 5,000,0005,000,000 ordinary shares of 1.50\text{₦}1.50 each. The directors issued 3,000,0003,000,000 shares to the public and called up 1.00\text{₦}1.00 per share. If all called-up funds were received except a call of 0.20\text{₦}0.20 per share on 150,000150,000 shares, calculate the total paid-up share capital of the company in Naira.

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Cevap: 2970000

Cevap

The paid-up capital of Meridian Logistics Plc is ₦2,970,000.
Paid-up capital represents the actual cash received from shareholders for called-up shares. The called-up capital is 3,000,000 shares×1.00=3,000,0003,000,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}1.00 = \text{₦}3,000,000. Calls in arrears are 150,000 shares×0.20=30,000150,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}0.20 = \text{₦}30,000. Deducting calls in arrears from called-up capital gives 3,000,00030,000=2,970,000\text{₦}3,000,000 - \text{₦}30,000 = \text{₦}2,970,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate Total Called-up Capital
₦3,000,000
Multiply issued shares by called-up value per share (3,000,000 shares × ₦1.00).
2
Calculate Calls in Arrears
₦30,000
Multiply defaulting shares by unpaid call per share (150,000 shares × ₦0.20).
3
Compute Paid-up Capital
₦2,970,000
Subtract Calls in Arrears from Total Called-up Capital (₦3,000,000 - ₦30,000).

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Share Capital - Paid-up Capital Calculation
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 30Soru

During the formation of a enterprise, three promoters entered into pre-incorporation contracts to acquire operational machinery and paid preliminary legal fees. Following the issuance of the Certificate of Incorporation, the directors prepared to begin operations as a Public Limited Company. Which of the following correctly describes the legal standing of the pre-incorporation contracts and the statutory requirement the company must fulfill before it can lawfully commence business?

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Cevap: Pre-incorporation contracts do not automatically bind the company unless expressly ratified post-incorporation, and a Public Limited Company must obtain a Certificate of Commencement of Business before trading.

Cevap

Pre-incorporation contracts do not automatically bind the company unless expressly ratified post-incorporation, and a Public Limited Company must obtain a Certificate of Commencement of Business before trading.
Prior to incorporation, a proposed company has no legal existence and cannot enter into binding contracts. Under modern statutory frameworks such as CAMA, pre-incorporation contracts entered into by promoters become binding on the company only if ratified by the company after incorporation. Furthermore, while a private company can commence business immediately upon incorporation, a Public Limited Company must meet statutory requirements (such as issuing a prospectus or statement in lieu of prospectus and securing minimum capital obligations) to obtain a Certificate of Commencement of Business before it can lawfully begin trading.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the legal status of a company prior to incorporation
Before incorporation, a company has no separate legal entity or legal personality. Consequently, contracts made by promoters on its behalf are pre-incorporation contracts.
An unformed entity cannot incur rights or obligations directly.
2
Determine the legal position of pre-incorporation contracts under company law (CAMA)
The company is not bound by pre-incorporation contracts upon incorporation unless it adopts or ratifies them in accordance with statutory provisions.
Ratification formally transfers or establishes corporate rights and obligations.
3
Identify the statutory commencement requirement for a Public Limited Company (Plc)
Unlike a private company which can trade upon receiving its Certificate of Incorporation, a Public Limited Company must fulfill capital requirements and obtain a Certificate of Commencement of Business before trading or exercising borrowing powers.
Public companies undergo stricter statutory regulation to protect public investors.

Anahtar Kavram

Pre-incorporation contracts and commencement of business requirements for Public Limited Companies
Soru 31Soru

Apex Nigeria Limited was registered with an authorized share capital of 800,000800,000 ordinary shares of 1.00\text{₦}1.00 each. The directors offered 500,000500,000 shares to the public, which were fully subscribed and called up. If calls in arrears on 10,00010,000 shares at 0.20\text{₦}0.20 per share remain unpaid, what is the value of the company's paid-up share capital in Naira (\text{₦})?

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Cevap: 498000

Cevap

The total paid-up share capital of Apex Nigeria Limited is ₦498,000.
Paid-up share capital is determined by deducting calls in arrears from called-up capital. Given a called-up capital of ₦500,000 (500,000 shares at ₦1.00) and unpaid calls of ₦2,000 (10,000 shares at ₦0.20), the resulting paid-up capital is ₦500,000 - ₦2,000 = ₦498,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total called-up share capital
Called-up capital = 500,000 shares × ₦1.00 = ₦500,000
Called-up capital represents the total nominal value of shares for which payment has been demanded from shareholders.
2
Calculate the total calls in arrears
Calls in arrears = 10,000 shares × ₦0.20 = ₦2,000
Calls in arrears represent the unpaid portion of the called-up capital.
3
Deduct calls in arrears from called-up capital to determine paid-up share capital
Paid-up capital = ₦500,000 - ₦2,000 = ₦498,000
Paid-up share capital is the actual amount of money paid by shareholders toward their called-up shares.

Anahtar Kavram

Calculation of Paid-up Share Capital from Called-up Capital and Calls in Arrears
Soru 32Soru

Match each category of share capital on the left with its correct definition on the right.

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Öğeler

Authorized Capital
Issued Capital
Called-up Capital
Reserve Capital

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Authorized Capital matches the maximum legal share capital limit in the Memorandum of Association; Issued Capital matches the portion offered to the public; Called-up Capital matches the amount requested from shareholders to pay; Reserve Capital matches the portion of uncalled capital callable only during liquidation.
Each category accurately reflects its stage and function in share capital classification: Authorized capital defines the registered statutory ceiling, Issued capital represents the shares offered to investors, Called-up capital represents requested payments on issued shares, and Reserve capital is the uncalled capital reserved specifically for winding up.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the definition of Authorized Capital
Authorized Capital is the total legal limit established at incorporation as set out in the Memorandum of Association.
It forms the legal ceiling for share issuance.
2
Identify the definition of Issued Capital
Issued Capital represents the portion of authorized shares allocated/offered to subscribers.
Companies do not always issue all authorized shares at once.
3
Identify the definition of Called-up Capital
Called-up Capital is the amount requested for payment on the issued shares.
Shares may be paid in installments, making this the portion demanded so far.
4
Identify the definition of Reserve Capital
Reserve Capital is the part of uncalled capital restricted by special resolution to liquidation events.
It provides security for creditors in case of winding up.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Share Capital
Soru 33Soru

A business entity registered as a private limited company wants to raise additional capital by inviting the general public to subscribe for its shares. Which statutory step must the enterprise execute before issuing a prospectus to the public?

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Cevap: Re-register and convert the business into a public limited company.

Cevap

Re-register and convert the business into a public limited company.
Private limited companies are statutorily forbidden from inviting the general public to subscribe to their shares or debentures. To legally issue a prospectus and invite public participation, the enterprise must alter its legal status by re-registering as a public limited company.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the legal restrictions imposed on a private limited company.
Under statutory company regulations (CAMA), a private limited company is restricted from transferring shares freely and prohibited from inviting the public to subscribe for shares or debentures.
This restriction preserves the private nature of the corporate structure.
2
Determine the necessary legal transformation required to invite public share subscription.
The company must re-register and convert into a public limited company (PlcPlc).
Only a public limited company has the legal capacity to issue a prospectus and offer its shares to the general public.

Anahtar Kavram

Legal distinctions and statutory conversion process between Private and Public Limited Companies
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 34Soru

Apex Nigeria PLC was registered with an authorized capital of 2,000,0002,000,000 ordinary shares of 0.50\text{₦}0.50 each. The company issued 1,200,0001,200,000 of these shares to the public. To date, the directors have called up 0.40\text{₦}0.40 per share on all issued shares. Shareholders have paid all amounts due except for calls in arrears totaling 24,000\text{₦}24,000. What is the value of the company's paid-up share capital in Naira (\text{₦})?

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Cevap: 456000

Cevap

The paid-up share capital of the company is 456,000\text{₦}456,000.
Paid-up capital is derived by taking the total called-up share capital (1,200,000 shares×0.40=480,0001,200,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}0.40 = \text{₦}480,000) and subtracting the calls in arrears (24,000\text{₦}24,000), resulting in 456,000\text{₦}456,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine total called-up share capital
Called-up Capital = 1,200,000 shares×0.40=480,0001,200,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}0.40 = \text{₦}480,000
Called-up capital represents the portion of issued share capital for which shareholders have been asked to pay.
2
Deduct calls in arrears to find paid-up share capital
Paid-up Capital = \text{₦}480,000 - \text{₦}24,000 = \text{₦}456,000$
Paid-up capital is the actual amount of money received from shareholders against the called-up capital.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Share Capital: Relationship between Called-up Capital, Calls in Arrears, and Paid-up Capital
Soru 35Soru

Match each statutory document or company structure on the left with its defining legal characteristic or statutory requirement on the right under corporate law.

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Öğeler

Certificate of Incorporation
Company Limited by Guarantee
Articles of Association
Public Limited Company (Plc)

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Certificate of Incorporation matches with conclusive evidence of statutory registration; Company Limited by Guarantee matches with non-profit objectives and members' winding-up contribution undertakings; Articles of Association matches with internal governance regulations and administrative procedures; Public Limited Company matches with minimum share capital and public subscription rights.
Each corporate document and company type aligns with its established legal attributes: the Certificate of Incorporation verifies official registration status; a company limited by guarantee supports non-profit aims backed by liability guarantees; the Articles of Association govern internal management regulations; and a public limited company complies with statutory capital minimums and public equity offerings.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the statutory function of the Certificate of Incorporation.
It represents conclusive legal proof of incorporation issued upon successful registration.
Corporate regulations mandate this certificate as the formal birth certificate of the legal person.
2
Analyze the nature of a Company Limited by Guarantee.
It is created for non-profit purposes without share capital distributions, backed by financial guarantees from members.
This structure protects charitable or promotional organizations while establishing limited member liability.
3
Distinguish Articles of Association from external constitutional documents.
Articles of Association control internal management, director powers, and meeting guidelines.
Internal management rules are governed by the Articles, whereas external relations are defined by the Memorandum.
4
Examine the operational scope of a Public Limited Company.
It requires meeting statutory minimum capital thresholds and holds the authority to offer securities publicly.
Private limited companies are forbidden from offering shares to the general public, unlike public limited companies.

Anahtar Kavram

Corporate Documents and Company Classifications
Soru 36Soru

Bamburu Plc issued 40,00040,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of 1.00\text{₦}1.00 each at an issue price of 1.30\text{₦}1.30 per share. All shares were fully subscribed and paid for. What total amount should be credited to the Share Premium Account?

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Cevap: 12,000\text{₦}12,000

Cevap

The correct amount to be credited to the Share Premium Account is 12,000\text{₦}12,000.
Share premium per share is the excess of the issue price over the nominal value (1.301.00=0.30)(\text{₦}1.30 - \text{₦}1.00 = \text{₦}0.30). Multiplying this by 40,00040,000 shares gives 12,000\text{₦}12,000, which is credited to the Share Premium Account as a capital reserve.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the premium per share
1.301.00=0.30\text{₦}1.30 - \text{₦}1.00 = \text{₦}0.30 per share
Share premium is the amount received over and above the nominal (face) value of each share.
2
Calculate the total share premium to credit
40,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}0.30 = \text{₦}12,000
Multiply the premium per share by the total number of shares issued to determine the balance credited to the capital reserve account.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting for issue of shares at a premium
Soru 37Soru

Merit Global Limited issued 80,00080,000 ordinary shares of nominal value ���5.00\text{���}5.00 each at a discount of 10%10\%. If all the shares were fully subscribed and paid for, what is the total amount to be credited to the Ordinary Share Capital account?

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Cevap: 400,000\text{₦}400,000

Cevap

The amount credited to the Ordinary Share Capital account is 400,000\text{₦}400,000.
When shares are issued at a discount, the Share Capital account is credited with the total nominal (face) value of the shares (80,000×5.00=400,00080,000 \times \text{₦}5.00 = \text{₦}400,000). The cash received (360,000\text{₦}360,000) is debited to the Bank account, and the discount allowed (40,000\text{₦}40,000) is debited to the Discount on Issue of Shares account.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total nominal (face) value of the issued shares
Total Nominal Value = 80,000×5.00=400,00080,000 \times \text{₦}5.00 = \text{₦}400,000
According to double-entry principles for share issues, the Share Capital account is always credited with the nominal value of the shares issued.
2
Calculate the discount per share and net cash received per share
Discount per share = 10% of ₦5.00=0.5010\% \text{ of } \text{₦}5.00 = \text{₦}0.50. Issue price per share = 5.000.50=4.50\text{₦}5.00 - \text{₦}0.50 = \text{₦}4.50.
To determine the cash inflow and discount amount for accounting entries.
3
Determine the accounting entry for the share issue
Debit Bank with 360,000\text{₦}360,000, Debit Discount on Shares with 40,000\text{₦}40,000, and Credit Ordinary Share Capital with 400,000\text{₦}400,000.
The share capital account reflects the legal capital created at nominal value.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting Entry for Shares Issued at a Discount
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 38Soru

Match each scenario or rule regarding the forfeiture and re-issue of shares on the left with its appropriate accounting treatment on the right.

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Öğeler

Amount debited to the Share Capital Account when shares are forfeited
Maximum discount allowed when re-issuing forfeited shares
Net profit remaining in the Forfeited Shares Account after complete re-issue
Excess amount received over nominal value upon re-issuing forfeited shares

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

The correct pairings are: Amount debited to Share Capital Account matches Total called-up value on the forfeited shares; Maximum discount allowed on re-issue matches Amount previously paid up (forfeited) on those specific shares; Net profit remaining in Forfeited Shares Account matches Transferred as a capital gain to the Capital Reserve Account; Excess amount received over nominal value matches Credited to the Share Premium Account.
Each event corresponds to its underlying double-entry principle in company accounting: share cancellation requires debiting called-up capital, re-issue discount is limited to forfeited amounts, residual gains are capital reserves, and premiums go to the Share Premium Account.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the entry for share forfeiture
Share Capital is debited with called-up value, Calls-in-Arrears is credited with unpaid amounts, and Forfeited Shares Account is credited with paid-up amounts.
Cancels the capital portion that was previously called up.
2
Analyze re-issue at a discount limit
The maximum discount on re-issue equals the amount credited to Forfeited Shares Account for those shares.
Ensures the company does not issue shares at an overall net discount below original face value across both allotments.
3
Determine accounting treatment for net gain on re-issue
Transfer remaining balance in Forfeited Shares Account to Capital Reserve.
This profit is of a capital nature rather than an operational trading profit.
4
Identify treatment for re-issue at a premium
Credit excess of re-issue price over nominal value to Share Premium Account.
Standard accounting treatment for share issues above par value.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting Rules for Forfeiture and Re-issue of Shares
Soru 39Soru

Orion Holdings Plc offered for public subscription 80,00080,000 ordinary shares of 2.00\text{₦}2.00 nominal value each at a discount of 5%5\%. Payments were structured as follows: 0.70\text{₦}0.70 on application, 0.80\text{₦}0.80 on allotment (reflecting the full discount), and the remaining balance on final call. All shares were fully subscribed and all monies were received in full. Which of the following statements correctly states the total amount credited to the Share Capital Account and the accounting treatment of the Discount on Shares Account?

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Cevap: Share Capital Account is credited with 160,000\text{₦}160,000, and Discount on Shares Account is debited with 8,000\text{₦}8,000 as a capital loss balance.

Cevap

The Share Capital Account is credited with the total nominal value of 160,000\text{₦}160,000, while the Discount on Shares Account is debited with 8,000\text{₦}8,000 representing a capital loss.
When shares are issued at a discount, the Share Capital Account is credited with the full nominal value of the shares (80,000×2.00=160,00080,000 \times \text{₦}2.00 = \text{₦}160,000). The discount (5% of ₦2.00=0.105\% \text{ of } \text{₦}2.00 = \text{₦}0.10 per share, giving a total of 8,000\text{₦}8,000) is debited to the Discount on Shares Account as a capital deficit/fictitious asset, ensuring double entry balances with the net cash collected of 152,000\text{₦}152,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the nominal value of total share capital issued.
80,000 shares×2.00=160,00080,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}2.00 = \text{₦}160,000
Share capital account must always be credited with the full par/nominal value of issued shares.
2
Calculate the per share discount and total discount amount.
Discount per share = 5%×2.00=0.105\% \times \text{₦}2.00 = \text{₦}0.10. Total discount = 80,000×0.10=8,00080,000 \times \text{₦}0.10 = \text{₦}8,000.
Discount on shares is calculated as the reduction below nominal issue price.
3
Calculate the net cash received per share and in total.
Issue price per share = 2.000.10=1.90\text{₦}2.00 - \text{₦}0.10 = \text{₦}1.90. Total cash received = 80,000×1.90=152,00080,000 \times \text{₦}1.90 = \text{₦}152,000.
The cash proceeds represent the actual amount collected across application, allotment, and call stages.
4
Determine the required double-entry journal entries.
Debit Cash/Bank Account: 152,000\text{₦}152,000; Debit Discount on Shares Account: 8,000\text{₦}8,000; Credit Share Capital Account: 160,000\text{₦}160,000.
Debit entries must equal credit entries to maintain the accounting equation.

Anahtar Kavram

Accounting entries for issue of shares at a discount
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 40Soru

Goldline Enterprises Plc was registered with an authorized share capital of 1,500,0001,500,000 ordinary shares of 2.00\text{₦}2.00 each. The directors issued 900,000900,000 ordinary shares to the public, all of which were fully called up to 2.00\text{₦}2.00 per share. At the end of the financial year, all call payments were received except for a final call of 0.50\text{₦}0.50 per share on 50,00050,000 shares. What is the value of the paid-up share capital of the company in Naira?

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Cevap: 1775000

Cevap

The paid-up share capital of Goldline Enterprises Plc is ₦1,775,000.
Paid-up share capital is the total amount of money actually paid by shareholders on the shares issued to them. It is calculated by deducting Calls in Arrears from Called-Up Capital. Here, Called-Up Capital is 900,000 shares×2.00=1,800,000900,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}2.00 = \text{₦}1,800,000. Calls in Arrears equals 50,000 shares×0.50=25,00050,000 \text{ shares} \times \text{₦}0.50 = \text{₦}25,000. Subtracting 25,000\text{₦}25,000 from 1,800,000\text{₦}1,800,000 yields 1,775,000\text{₦}1,775,000.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate Total Called-Up Capital
₦1,800,000
Called-up capital equals the total number of issued shares multiplied by the called-up amount per share (900,000 shares × ₦2.00).
2
Calculate Calls in Arrears
₦25,000
Calls in arrears represent the unpaid portion of called-up capital (50,000 shares × ₦0.50).
3
Deduct Calls in Arrears from Called-Up Capital
₦1,775,000
Paid-up capital is determined by subtracting Calls in Arrears from Called-Up Capital (₦1,800,000 - ₦25,000).

Anahtar Kavram

Paid-up Share Capital Calculation
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