Marine Biologist: Commercial fisheries attribute the recent sharp decline in the coastal cod population entirely to an increase in the local seal population, which preys upon cod. However, seal populations have remained stable over the past two decades, while water temperatures in the cod's primary spawning grounds have risen by three degrees Celsius—a change known to severely reduce cod egg hatching rates. Thus, the population decline cannot be primarily caused by seal predation.
Which of the following most accurately describes the method of reasoning used in the marine biologist's argument?
- Ainferring that because water temperature influences cod hatching rates, temperature changes are the sole determinant of all marine population shifts
- Brejecting an opposing viewpoint by questioning the commercial motives of the group advancing it
- undermining an attributed cause of a phenomenon by noting that the alleged cause remained unchanged and introducing an alternative factorCevap
- Dtreating a factual claim that functions as supporting evidence as if it were the argument's final conclusion
- Econcluding that a condition guarantees an outcome simply because that condition is required for the outcome to occur
Cevap
Undermining an attributed cause of a phenomenon by noting that the alleged cause remained unchanged and introducing an alternative factor.
The marine biologist refutes the fisheries' claim that seals caused the cod decline by demonstrating that the proposed cause did not occur (seal populations have remained stable for two decades) and simultaneously offering a verified alternative explanation (increased water temperature that lowers egg hatching rates).
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Anahtar Kavram
Causal Refutation and Alternative Explanation
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